Syllabus: General Studies Paper 1
Cyclone Asani, has developed over southeast regions of Bay of Bengal
How the cyclones are named and what are the guidelines on adopting their names?
Why is it important to name cyclones?
What are the guidelines to adopt names of cyclones?
While picking names for cyclones, countries need to follow some rules.
Tropical Cyclone
Tropical cyclones are intense low-pressure areas confined to the area lying between 30° N and 30° S latitudes, in the atmosphere around which high velocity winds blow. Horizontally, it extends up to 500-1,000 km and vertically from surface to 12-14 km. A tropical cyclone or hurricane is like a heat engine that is energised by the release of latent heat on account of the condensation of moisture that the wind gathers after moving over the oceans and seas.
There are differences of opinion among scientists about the exact mechanism of a tropical cyclone. However, some initial conditions for the emergence of a tropical cyclone are:
Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Tropical Cyclone in India
Owing to its Peninsular shape surrounded by the Bay of Bengal in the east and the Arabian Sea in the west, the tropical cyclones in India also originate in these two important locations. Though most of the cyclones originate between 10°-15° north latitudes during the monsoon season, yet in case of the Bay of Bengal, cyclones mostly develop during the months of October and November. Here, they originate between 16°-2° N latitudes and to the west of 92° E. By July the place of origin of these storms shifts to around 18° N latitude and west of 90°E near the Sundarbans Delta.
Read MoreSyllabus: General Studies Paper 2
Major Findings
Total Fertility Rate:
Institutional Births
Under Age Marriage
Immunization
Stunting
Women Empowerment
Decision Making: The extent to which married women usually participate in three household decisions (about health care for herself; making major household purchases; visit to her family or relatives) indicates that their participation in decision-making is high, ranging from 80% in Ladakh to 99% in Nagaland and Mizoram. Rural (77%) and urban (81%) differences are found to be marginal.
Financial Inclusion: The prevalence of women having a bank or savings account has increased from 53% to 79% in the last four years.
Domestic violence has come down marginally from 31.2% in 2015-16 to 29.3% in 2019-21
Obesity
National Family Health Survey (NFHS):
Conducted By:
Funding:
History of NFHS
Objective: The main objective of each successive round of the NFHS has been to provide high-quality data on health and family welfare and emerging issues in this area.
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Syllabus: General Studies Paper 2
Background
Unresolved Areas in the 2018’s Judgement:
Latest Issues
The Delhi government has also separately sought the quashing of amendments to the ‘Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi (GNCTD) Act’ and 13 Rules of the ‘Transaction of Business of the Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi Rules, 1993’.
Delhi Government’s arguments:
The National Capital Territory government had compared its predicament without power over the ‘services’ like that of a king without a kingdom.
The government argues that without the power to control the transfers and postings of the officers, the Principle of “Collective Responsibility” will not be upheld.
Delhi Administration Under Constitution
Delhi is a Union Territory with a legislature and it came into being in 1991 under Article 239AA of the Constitution inserted by ‘the Constitution (Sixty-ninth Amendment) Act, 1991.
Syllabus: General Studies Paper 3
Cynthia Rosenzweig, a NASA climate research scientist who has spent much of her career explaining how global food production must adapt to a changing climate was awarded the World Food prize.
The World Food Prize:
Syllabus: General Studies Paper 3
The United Nations’ World Food Programme (WFP) has said that it is in discussions with India on procurement of wheat as several countries face food security challenges amid the Ukraine war.
Background:
India, in February 2022, signed an agreement with the United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) for the distribution of 50,000 MT of wheat that it has committed to sending Afghanistan as part of a humanitarian assistance.
What is the UN WFP?
The World Food Programme (WFP) is the food assistance branch of the United Nations and the world’s largest humanitarian organization addressing hunger and promoting food security.
It works closely with the other two Rome-based UN agencies:
Funding:
The WFP has no independent source of funds, it is funded entirely by voluntary donations. Its principal donors are governments, but the organization also receives donations from the private sector and individuals.
Read MoreSyllabus: General Studies Paper 2
The Delimitation Commission for Jammu and Kashmir was constituted by the Centre on 6th March 2021 to redraw Lok Sabha and assembly constituencies of the union territory in accordance with the provisions of the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019 and Delimitation Act, 2002, passed by the Centre in August 2019 along with other J&K-specific Bills.
The panel has recommended seven additional constituencies — six for Jammu and one for Kashmir — taking the total number of seats in the UT to 90 from 83 earlier
What is delimitation?
Objective of delimitation:
Constitutional Provisions
Composition of Delimitation Commission
Composition:
Syllabus: General Studies Paper 2
The “health star rating” system that the Food Safety Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) plans to adopt in order to help consumers reduce their intake of unhealthy foods has been opposed by close to a dozen consumer and health advocacy groups.
About FSSAI’s Star Rating:
In February 2022, the FSSAI decided to adopt the “health-star rating system”, which gives a product 1/2 a star to 5 stars, in its draft regulations for front of package labelling (FOPL).
Applicability:
Need for HSR:
Why is it being opposed?
FSSAI:
FSSAI is an autonomous statutory body established under the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006 (FSS Act).
Read MoreSyllabus: General Studies Paper 2
Appointment of Judges
Constitutional Provisions
Evolution of Collegium System
First Judges Case (1981):
Second Judges Case (1993):
Third Judges Case (1998):
Criticism of the Collegium System:
Attempts to reform judicial appointments
Judiciary is one of the most important pillars of the democracy, thus making the appointments continuous and collaborative process involving the executive and the judiciary, hence it is time to think of a permanent, independent body to institutionalize the process with adequate safeguards to preserve the judiciary’s independence guaranteeing judicial primacy.
Read MoreSyllabus: General Studies Paper 3
The ISRO is now readying a spacecraft to orbit Venus to study what lies below the surface of the solar system’s hottest planet, and also unravel the mysteries under the Sulfuric Acid clouds enveloping it. ISRO is planning to launch the mission in December 2024.
About Venus:
Historic missions to Venus:
NASA’s two new missions to Venus:
Syllabus: General Studies Paper 3
According to the annual report on Vital Statistics based on 2020 Civil Registration System report:
Sex ratio at birth is number of females per thousand males.
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