Current Context : Chattisgarh’s Gevra and Kusmunda coal mines have secured 2nd and 4th spot in list of world’s 10 largest coal mines. Report released by com. ABOUT GERVA AND KUSMUNDA COAL MINES Located in the Korba district of Chhattisgarh. Both mines produce more than 100 million tons of coal annually accounting for about 10% of India’s total coal production. Gevra opencast mine has an annual production capacity of 70 million tons and produced 59 million tons of coal in FY 23-24. Kusmunda OC mine produced more than 50 million tons of coal in FY 23-24   COAL IN INDIA:....Read More

Current Context : Asur tribes in Netarhat of Gumla to get forest land rights benefits under the Forest Rights Act (FRA). ABOUT ASUR TRIBE Asur Tribe are an Austroasiatic ethnic group living primarily in the Indian state of Jharkhand mostly in the Gumla, Lohardaga, Palamu, and Latehar districts. They are included in the list of Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs). Population of around 23,000. Language speak : Asur language, belongs to the Munda family of Austro-asiatic languages. Occupation : traditionally iron-smelters. They were once hunter-gatherers, having also involved in shifting agriculture. However, majority of them shifted into agriculture, with 91.19....Read More

Current Context : Locals in Upper Siang district of Arunachal Pradesh are protesting against the Upper Siang Hydropower Project. Developed by National Hydroelectric Power Corporation (NHPC), on River Siang. ABOUT SIANG RIVER Origin: Angsi Glacier in Kailash Ranges near Mansarovar Lake (Tibet). In Tibet, the river is known as the Tsangpo River. As it enters India, it becomes the Siang River. Major tributaries: Lohit and Dibang. It descends down into the plains of Assam south of Pasighat town, where it meets Dihang and Lohit and becomes theRead More

Current Context : New Space Research and Technologies successfully tested a 100-kg Max Take Off Weight (MTOW) Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV) at the Unming La pass. ABOUT UMLING LA PASS: Located at an altitude of 19,024 feet in the Eastern Ladakh along the Ladakh Range. It is renowned for being the highest motorable road in the world. Constructed by the Border Road Organization (BRO) under Project Himank. Geostrategic importance of Road-Improves connectivity to the Line of Actual Control(LAC). It covers a distance of almost 86km, connects Chisumle and Demchok villages. Other important passes in Ladakh: Khardung La, Chang La, Tanglang La,etc.Read More

Current Context :The Panchaganga river water level has been rising and would likely cross warning level of 39 feet soon in Kolhapur. ABOUT PANCHAGANGA RIVER Origin : Prayag Sangam. The birthplace of this river is called Chikhlee Taluka, a small village in the district of Kolhapur, Maharashtra. It emerges from the Sahyadri mountain ranges of Maharashtra. It is an ancient river. It is a tributary of the Krishna River and joins the Krishna River at Kurundvad, Maharashtra. The Five Rivers; the Kasari, the Kumbhi, the Tulsi, the Bhogawati, and the Saraswati convene at the Prayag Sangam to form Panchaganga. The....Read More

Current Context : Weather agencies has issued an alert in coastal areas of Kerala and Tamil Nadu about the possibility of ‘Kallakkadal’ phenomenon. ABOUT KALLAKADAL: It is essentially coastal flooding usually occurs in pre-monsoon (April May) or post - monson season by swell waves on southwest coast of India. It occurrs suddenly without any specific indications or warnings, Kallakadal term, commonly used by local fishermen, originates from a fusion of two Malayalam words: “Kallan” meaning thief, and “Kadal” meaning Sometimes, the phenomenon continues for a few days and the water level during high tides can reach as much as 3-4....Read More

Current Context : NCPCR declared Jharkhand mica mines 'child labour free,' ensures all local children head to school. He emphasized that all child labourers have been withdrawn from the mica mines and are now enrolled in schools. NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR PROTECTION OF CHILD RIGHTS (NCPCR) It is a statutory body established under the Commission for Protection of Child Rights (CPCR) Act, 2005. The NCPCR came into existence in March 2007. It comes under the administrative control of the Union Ministry of Women and Child Development. Aim : to safeguard children's rights as provided in the Constitution and other laws of....Read More

Current Context : Recently, Prime Minister paid tribute to the sacrifices and bravery of the Santhal tribal community. ABOUT Santhals are the third largest scheduled tribe community in India after Gonds and Bhils. Located in Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, and Orissa, in the eastern part of the country. Language : Santhali Religion: They are nature worshippers and could be seen paying obeisance at Jaher (sacred groves) in their villages. Costumes : Dhoti and Gamuchha for men and a short-check saree, usually blue and green, for Occupation : Agriculturists, depends on their farmlands or forests.Read More

Current Context : Recently, PM Modi talked about Araku Coffee in 'Mann Ki Baat'. ABOUT ARAKU COFFEE Araku coffee is grown in large quantities in Alluri Sita Rama Raju district of Andhra Pradesh. It is known for its rich flavour and aroma. Takes its name from Araku Valley, situated in the Eastern Ghats (Andhra Pradesh). It was awarded its Geographical Indication (GI) tag in 2019. It is cultivated on an elevated terrain of 900-1100 metres above sea level. Weather of the valley with its hot days and cold nights along with the iron-rich soil allows the coffee to ripen slowly....Read More

Current Context : Ministry of Coal launched India’s First Ever Pilot project for Underground Coal Gasification in Jharkhand. Aim : to revolutionize the coal industry by using in-situ coal gasification. ABOUT COAL GASIFICATION It is a process to convert underground coal into gasses like methane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide (CO), and carbon dioxide (CO2 ). These gases can be utilized to produce synthetic natural gas, chemical feedstocks for fuels, fertilizers, explosives, and other industrial applications. In gasification process, coal is oxidised by air, oxygen, steam, or CO2 under controlled conditions to produce a liquid fuel known as syngas. Syngas is a....Read More