Current Context : Recently, PM Modi Pays Tribute to Chandra Shekhar Azad on His Birth Anniversary on 23 July. ABOUT He was a great Indian freedom fighter. He was known for his unwavering resolve and extraordinary bravery. He was born on July 23, 1906, in the small village of Bhavra in Madhya Pradesh. His resolve to fight for India’s independence was ignited early, and by the age of 15, he had already joined the Non-Cooperation Movement initiated by Mahatma Gandhi. In 1920, he became an active member of the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA). Azad was disappointed by Gandhi’s suspension of....Read More

Current Context : Recently, the Prime Minister of India wished everyone, particularly the people of Tripura, on the occasion of Kharchi Puja. ABOUT It is an ancient traditional festival of Tripura and deeply associated with the religious heritage and culture of the region. Performed during the Ashadha month (July-August) on the eighth day of the new moon. It is It is also known as the Festival of 14 Gods. Theme of this year’s Kharchi festival and exhibition is ‘green is the future’. The meaning of Kharchi can be understood by splitting the word into two Tripuri words “Khar” or Kharta....Read More

Current Context : The President of India recently visited Khandagiri and Udayagiri Caves in Bhubaneswar. ABOUT UDAYAGIRI AND KHANDAGIRI CAVES Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves, formerly called Kattaka Caves or Cuttack caves. They are built on the Kumari mountain range and are the earliest examples of rock-cut cave tradition in Odisha. Udayagiri cave is also knowns as the hill of the rising sun. They were built around 2nd century BC by King Kharavela of the Meghavahana dynasty for Jain monks. There are 18 caves in Udayagiri and 15 in Khandagiri. The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) has listed that Udayagiri and....Read More

Current Context : Scientists have discovered the world’s oldest cave painting in the limestone cave of Leang Karampuang cave in Sulawesi, Indonesia, dating back at least 51,200 years. ABOUT KARAMPUANG CAVE PAINTING  Its age was determined using uranium-based dating technology. Features : the painting in red pigment shows a pig with its mouth partially open and three part-human, part-animal stick figures, or therianthrope. Demonstrates the mental capacity of ancient people.Read More

CURRENT CONTEXT : Recently, the Prime Minister of India inaugurated the new campus of Nalanda University in Rajgir, Bihar. The new campus is spread across 450 acres. It is designed as a 'Net Zero' Green Campus by focusing on environmental conservation. HISTORICAL PROSPECTIVE Established in the 5th century by Gupta Emperor Kumaragupta I. It was flourished for 600 years until the 12th century. It was a center of learning, culture, and intellectual exchange that had a profound impact on the development of Indian civilization and beyond. It consist the largest library, "Dharma Gunj" or "Mountain of Truth," with a collection of nine....Read More

Current context : Recently, Oxford University has agreed to return a 500-year-old bronze sculpture of a Hindu poet and saint to India. The 60 cm-tall statue of Saint Tirumankai Alvar was acquired by the Ashmolean Museum at the University of Oxford from Sotheby's auction house in 1967. ABOUT Thirumangai Alvar, also known as Thirumangai Mannan is the last of the 12 Alvar saints of south India. He is known for their affiliation to the Vaishnava tradition of Hinduism. He is considered one of the most learned Alvars and the most superior Alvar in the context of composition of He holds....Read More

Recently, "Vaikom Satyagraha," one of the most Supported and recognised protests in India, marked its 100th anniversary. ABOUT VAIKOM SATYAGRAHA Vaikom is a serene town in Kottayam, Kerala. The Vaikom Satyagraha was launched on March 30, 1924 against the ban imposed on members of marginalized communities in the surroundings of Vaikom Mahadevar Temple. It marked the dawn of temple entry movements across India. It was launched by leaders in Kerala such as K. Madhavan, K.P. Kesava Menon and George Joseph, on the advice of Mahatma Gandhi. A march comprising of ‘upper caste’ Hindus who supported the reform commenced in Vaikom....Read More