Current Context: Diu has become the first district in India to meet entire power demand through solar energy under the PM-Surya Ghar scheme.

ABOUT PM-Surya Ghar: Muft Bijli Yojana

Key Features

• Type: Central Sector Scheme.
• Ministry: Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE).
• Provides up to 40% subsidy to households for rooftop solar panel installations.
• Aims to benefit 1 crore households.

Employment & Impact

• Expected to generate over 3 lakh skilled jobs through fresh skilling and up-skilling.
• Promotes clean energy, reduces carbon emissions, and supports energy security.

Current Context: Telangana declared the tiger corridor linking Kawal Tiger Reserve with Tadoba-Andhari Tiger Reserve as “Kumram Bheem Conservation Reserve” in June 2025.

ABOUT Kawal Tiger Reserve

• Location: Sahyadri ranges along the Godavari River, Komaram Bheem Asifabad district, Telangana.
• Landscape: Southern Tropical Dry Deciduous and Southern Dry Mixed Deciduous forests; hilly terrain.
• Connectivity: Lies at the southern tip of the Central Indian Tiger Landscape, linking to Tadoba-Andhari (Maharashtra) and Indravati (Chhattisgarh).
• Flora & Fauna:
  • Forests: Teak, Bamboo, Indian laurel, Rhododendron.
  • Wildlife: Bengal tiger, Indian leopard, Nilgai, Chinkara, Indian fox, Golden jackal, various bird species.
• Conservation Area:
  • Core: ~892 sq km; Buffer: ~123 sq km.
  • Corridor expansion adds ~1,492 sq km under Kumram Bheem Conservation Reserve.

Current Context: President Droupadi Murmu presented the 2025 awards to 15 nursing professionals on 30 May at Rashtrapati Bhavan.

ABOUT National Florence Nightingale Awards

• Institution: Established by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare in 1973.
• Purpose: Recognize meritorious service by Registered Nurses, Midwives, Auxiliary Nurse Midwives, and Lady Health Visitors.
• Components:
  • Certificate of Merit
  • Cash prize of ₹1,00,000
  • Gold-plated medal

Current Context: Data released by the Controller General of Accounts (CGA) on 30 May 2025 show India’s Fiscal Deficit at 4.8% of GDP for FY 2024–25, matching the Revised Estimate (RE) from the Union Budget.

ABOUT Fiscal Deficit

• Fiscal Deficit: The gap between the government’s total expenditure and its total receipts (excluding borrowings). It represents the amount the government must borrow to meet its expenses.
• Fiscal Deficit = Total Expenditure – (Revenue Receipts + Non-Debt Capital Receipts).
  • Represents the shortfall requiring government borrowing.

Non‐Debt Capital Receipts:

• Receipts that do not create debt, such as loan recoveries and proceeds from sale of public sector assets (e.g., disinvestment).
• FY 2024–25 Figures:
  • Total Expenditure: ₹46.55 lakh crore (98.7% of RE).
  • Revenue Receipts: ₹30.78 lakh crore (97.8% of RE), including
    • Tax Revenue: ₹24.99 lakh crore (net to Centre).
    • Non-Tax Revenue: ₹5.38 lakh crore.
  • Non-Debt Capital Receipts: ₹41,818 crore (e.g., disinvestment proceeds).
  • Fiscal Deficit: ₹15.77 lakh crore (100.5% of RE), i.e., 8% of GDP.

Current Context: National Statistics Office (NSO) released Provisional Estimates of Annual Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Quarterly GDP (Q4) for FY 2024–25.

ABOUT Provisional GDP Estimates

Gross Domestic Product (GDP):

• Definition: The total value of all final goods and services produced within a country’s borders in a specific time period. It is a primary indicator of economic health.

Real GDP:

• Definition: GDP measured at constant prices (base year 2011–12), adjusting for inflation. Reflects actual growth in volume of production.

Nominal GDP:

• Definition: GDP measured at current market prices, without adjusting for inflation. Reflects both price and output changes.
• Real GDP Growth
  • FY 2024–25: Estimated at ₹187.97 lakh crore (constant 2011–12 prices), growing by 5% over FY 2023–24.
  • Q4 FY 2024–25: Real GDP at ₹51.35 lakh crore, up 4% YoY (from ₹47.82 lakh crore in Q4 FY 2023–24).
• Nominal GDP Growth
  • FY 2024–25: Estimated at ₹330.68 lakh crore (current prices), a 8% increase from ₹301.23 lakh crore in FY 2023–24.
  • Q4 FY 2024–25: Nominal GDP at ₹88.18 lakh crore, growing 8% YoY.

Current Context: The Department of Posts (DoP) released the policy document for DHRUVA, outlining a national-level Digital Address Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI).

ABOUT DHRUVA

• Objective & Vision
  1. Establish a standardized, interoperable, and geo-coded digital addressing system.
  2. Recognize address management as a foundational public infrastructure for effective governance, inclusive service delivery, and enhanced user experience.
  3. Enable Address-as-a-Service (AaaS): a suite of services for secure, efficient address data management across public and private sectors.
• Key Components
  1. Digital Postal Index Number (DIGIPIN)
     • A 10-character alphanumeric code representing latitude-longitude within uniform 4×4 meter gridscovering India.
     • Provides precise location identification for households and institutions.
  2. Digital Address Layer
     • User-centric, consent-based layer built on DIGIPIN.
     • Allows users to create custom labels (nicknames) mapped to their DIGIPIN for easy reference.
     • Facilitates secure sharing of address information while ensuring privacy and user control

Current Context: Observed annually on 3 June World Bicycle Day

Aim : The day highlights the bicycle’s role as an affordable, eco-friendly, and sustainable means of transport.

ABOUT World Bicycle Day

1. Declared by UNGA Resolution A/RES/72/272 in April 2018.
2. Proclaimed by Turkmenistan as main sponsor.
3. First observed on 3 June 2018.

Current Context: The Himachal Pradesh Forest Department has announced plans to auction eight eco-tourism sites in Mandi district under the Eco-Tourism Society initiative.

ECO-TOURISM SITES IN MANDI

1. List of Sites Location & Terrain

• Kothi & Gulaba (Manali): Alpine meadows, dense conifer forests, and proximity to Rohtang Pass—ideal for trekking and camping.
• Gorudugh (Lug Valley, Kullu): Mixed oak and deodar forests, rich Himalayan flora, and streams—popular for bird-watching and nature trails.
• Shoja (Banjar): Dense cedar and pine cover, with suitability for river-rafting along the Seraj stream and high-altitude camping.
• Pandrik Rishi Lake (Sainj Valley): Sacred alpine lake surrounded by fir forests—offers spiritual tourism combined with low-impact hiking.
• Jalori Pass: High-altitude meadow (3,120 m), surrounded by pine and birch forests—gateway to Serolsar Lake, prime for trekking and photography.
• Raghupur Garh (Anni): Historical fort ruins amid mixed forests—blends heritage tourism with ecological exploration.
• Baga Sarahan (Nirmand): Woods of oak and rhododendron, overlooking the Sutlej valley—ideal for cultural-ecotourism tied to local temples and tribal villages.

ABOUT ECO-TOURISM 

• Eco-Tourism: Responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment, sustains the well-being of local people, and involves interpretation and education.

Current Context: India and Mongolia will conduct the 17th edition of their joint military exercise ‘Nomadic Elephant’ in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia in 2025.

ABOUT Exercise Nomadic Elephant

Key Details

• Annual bilateral military exercise between India and Mongolia.
• Conducted alternatively in both countries.
• 2024 edition was held in Umroi, Meghalaya.

Objective

• Enhance interoperability between armed forces.
• Focus on semi-conventional operations in semi-urban/mountainous terrain under UN peacekeeping mandates.

Current Context: The Kumbakonam Vetrilai (betel leaf) from Tamil Nadu was granted the Geographical Indication (GI) tag, recognizing its unique regional identity and cultural significance.

About :

• Cultivation Area: Predominantly grown in the fertile Cauvery river basin regions, including Kumbakonam, Thiruvaiyaru, Papanasam, Thiruvidaimarudur, and Rajagiri in Thanjavur district.
• Characteristics: Dark to light green, oblong heart-shaped leaves with a pungent taste and unique aroma.
• Health Benefits: High in chavicol (anti-inflammatory), aids digestion, rich in antioxidants.
• Significance of GI Tag: Provides legal protection against misuse, ensures authenticity for local producers, and boosts economic prospects through enhanced market value and export potential.