Celebrated every year on May 30^th.

• Aim : to commemorate the launch of the first Hindi newspaper, “Udant Martand,” in 1826.
• Significance: “Udant Martand,” started by Jugal Kishore Shukla in Kolkata, marked the beginning of journalism in the Hindi language.

Goa celebrates its Statehood Day on May 30, marking its transition to full statehood in 1987.

• Historical Background: Goa was liberated from Portuguese rule in 1961 and became a Union Territory. It attained statehood on May 30, 1987, becoming the 25th state of India.

Celebrated annually on May 30^th.

• Aim : to recognizes the potato’s role in food security, nutrition, and poverty reduction.
• 2025 Theme: “Shaping history, feeding the future.”
• The United Nations declared 2008 as the International Year of the Potato.

Observed globally on 28 May.

• Objective : To raise awareness about the root causes of hunger and advocating for sustainable solutions.
• Theme 2025: “Sowing Resilience” – emphasizing the importance of building climate-resilient food systems to ensure food security for all.

Current Context: Raja Khas, a village in the Indora subdivision of Kangra district, has been designated as Himachal Pradesh’s first Solar Model Village under the Prime Minister’s Surya Ghar: Muft Bijli Yojana.

About the Initiative:

• Objective: To achieve 100% household solar electrification, reducing dependence on conventional energy sources.
• Funding: The central government has approved a grant of ₹1 crore for the development of solar infrastructure in the village.
• Implementation: The Himachal Pradesh State Electricity Board will oversee solar installations, while the Himachal Pradesh Energy Development Agency will monitor and evaluate the project’s progress.
• Demographics: It covers six hundred seventy-five point thirty-seven hectares, with an estimated population of three thousand.

Current Context: The Chief Minister of Sikkim has requested the central government to ban climbing on Mt. Khangchendzonga, citing its sacred status among local communities.

About Mt. Khangchendzonga:

• Location: Situated on the border between Sikkim, India, and Nepal.
• Elevation: 8,586 meters, making it the third-highest mountain in the world.
• Cultural Significance: Considered sacred by the people of Sikkim, who believe it is the abode of their guardian deity, Dzö-nga.
• Conservation Status: The Indian side of the mountain is part of the Khangchendzonga National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
• Legal Status: Climbing banned on Indian side under Places of Worship Act, 1991.

Current Context: Researchers from Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, in collaboration with the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, have developed India’s first gene-edited sheep using CRISPR-Cas9 technology.

About the Research:

• Technology Used: CRISPR-Cas9, a gene-editing tool that allows for precise modifications to DNA.
• Target Gene: Myostatin, a gene that regulates muscle growth. Editing this gene resulted in a 30% increase in muscle mass, a trait found in some European breeds but absent in Indian breeds.
• Significance: No foreign DNA was introduced, distinguishing it from transgenic organisms and potentially easing regulatory approvals.

Current Context: The Union government is set to introduce an impeachment motion in the upcoming Monsoon Session of Parliament against former Delhi High Court judge Justice Yashwant Varma, following a Supreme Court in-house panel’s findings in the “cash-at-home” scandal and a recommendation from CJI Sanjiv Khanna.

Impeachment Process:

• Initiation: A motion must be signed by at least 100 members of the Lok Sabha or 50 members of the Rajya Sabha.
• Grounds for removal: Proved misbehaviour or incapacity (Article 124(4), 217).
• Investigation: A three-member committee, including the Chief Justice of India or a Supreme Court judge, a Chief Justice of a High Court, and a distinguished jurist, investigates the charges.
• Parliamentary Approval: Both Houses must pass the motion with a two-thirds majority of members present and voting, and a majority of the total membership.
• Presidential Action: If both Houses pass the motion, the President issues an order for the judge’s removal.

Current Context: Sudan’s Ministry of Health reported a severe cholera outbreak from 20–27 May 2025, with 2,729 infections and 172 deaths in one week, predominantly in Khartoum State.

ABOUT CHOLERA OUTBREAK

• Cause: Infection by Vibrio cholerae through contaminated water/food.
• Symptoms: Acute watery diarrhea, vomiting, leading to rapid dehydration and death if untreated.
• Prevention & Treatment: Requires access to clean water, sanitation, Oral Rehydration Salts (ORS), and prompt antibiotic therapy.

ABOUT SUDAN

• Located in Northeast Africa.
• Lies within the Nile River basin.
• The third-largest country in Africa by area.
• Capital: Khartoum (situated at the confluence of the Blue and White Nile).
• Rivers: The Nile River is Sudan’s most significant water source.
• Climate: Predominantly arid and semi-arid with desert and savannah zones.

Bordering Countries

Sudan shares borders with:

• Egypt to the north, Libya to the northwest, Chad to the west, Central African Republic (CAR) to the southwest, South Sudan to the south, Ethiopia to the southeast, Eritrea to the east.

Current Context: The ‘Viksit Krishi Sankalp Abhiyan’ was launched from Puri, Odisha, by Union Agriculture Minister Shri Shivraj Singh Chouhan, aiming to bridge the gap between agricultural research and farming practices across India

ABOUT VIKSIT KRISHI SANKALP ABHIYAN

• Objectives
  • Educate farmers on modern agricultural technologies.
  • Promote effective use of Soil Health Cards for crop selection and balanced fertilizer application.
  • Raise awareness about government schemes (e.g., Operation Greens).
  • Enhance farmer incomes and recognise them as nutrition providers.
• Coverage & Stakeholders
  • Districts Covered: Over 700 districts nationwide.
  • Villages Engaged: >65,000 villages.
  • Farmers Targeted: 1.5 crore.
• Participating Agencies:
  • 731 Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs)
  • 113 ICAR institutes
  • State Departments of Agriculture, Horticulture, Animal Husbandry, Fisheries
  • Progressive farmers and Farmer Producer Organisations (FPOs)
• Focus Areas:
  • Early-maturing, disease-resistant crop varieties.
  • Integrated Pest Management (IPM).
  • Post-harvest loss reduction via low-cost technologies.
  • Water conservation and kitchen gardening.