Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)

Current Context: India has opposed the inclusion of the hazardous insecticide Chlorpyrifos under the Stockholm Convention for global phase-out in 2021, which would restrict its use globally due to its harmful environmental and health effects.

About the Convention:

• Genesis: Adopted in 2001 and enforced in 2004.
• Objective: Protect human health and the environment from Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs).
• POPs Definition: Carbon-based chemicals that persist in the environment, bioaccumulate in living organisms, and are toxic to humans and wildlife.
• Key Features:
  • The convention lists chemicals in three annexes:
  • Annex A: Elimination of chemicals.
  • Annex B and C: Restriction of use.
• India’s Position: India signed and ratified the convention but opposes the phase-out of Chlorpyrifos, arguing that it is still widely used in agriculture and there are no safer alternatives for its widespread uses.

Significance of the Issue:

• Chlorpyrifos Use: Widely used as an insecticide in agriculture, particularly in the U.S., India, and parts of the EU.
• Environmental Impact: Chlorpyrifos is toxic to wildlife and poses risks to human health, including neurotoxic effects, particularly for children.
• India’s Stance: The government is advocating for more research into safer alternatives and for the recognition of agricultural needs in developing countries.