Persian Gulf vs. Arabian Gulf

Current Context : In a politically sensitive move, Recently, US President Donald Trump announced a proposal to refer to the Persian Gulfas the “Arabian Gulf” during an official visit to Saudi Arabia.

About the Naming Dispute

• Historical Usage: ‘Persian Gulf’ has been the internationally recognized name since 16th century, found in all major treaties and atlases.
• Arab Viewpoint: Gulf nations like Saudi Arabia and UAE prefer the term “Arabian Gulf”.
• Iran’s Response: Strongly opposes the change; considers it an attack on historical and cultural sovereignty.
• UN & IHO: Recognize the name “Persian Gulf” officially.

Geographical Facts

• The body of water between Iran and the Arabian Peninsula is historically known as the Persian Gulf.
• Location: Western Asia — bounded by Iran (north) and Arab Peninsula (south).
• Length: ~5,117 km coastline.
• Key Access: Linked to Arabian Sea through the Strait of Hormuz — a chokepoint for 30% of global oil.
• Important Islands:
  • Qeshm (Iran) – Largest island (~1,491 km²)
  • Bahrain – Archipelago and US naval base location
• Strategic & Economic Importance
  • Central to energy trade, oil exports, and naval security.
  • A critical region for US, Iranian, and Gulf state militaries.
  • Rising geopolitical tension could impact global maritime stability.