Measles

• A recent measles outbreak in West Texas has led to 164 cases and two fatalities, both of whom were unvaccinated.

Measles

• Highly contagious viral disease spread through coughing/sneezing.
• Virus remains active on surfaces or in the air for up to 2 hours.
• 90% transmission rate among unvaccinated individuals.

High-Risk Individuals

• Unvaccinated individuals are most susceptible to measles.
• Children under five, pregnant women, and those with weakened immune systems face a higher risk. Malnourished children with vitamin A deficiency are also more vulnerable to severe complications.

Symptoms

• Appear 10–14 days after exposure.
• Early signs: Cough, fever, sore throat, red/watery eyes.
• Koplik’s spots: White spots inside the mouth.
• Rash: Starts on the face, spreads across the body, lasts 5–7 days.

Complications

• Common: Ear infections, diarrhea, pneumonia.
• Severe: Encephalitis (brain inflammation), brain damage.
• Pregnancy risks: Premature birth, low birth weight.
• Leading cause of death: Pneumonia, encephalitis.

Treatment

• No specific antiviral treatment.
• Supportive care: Rest, hydration, nutrition.
• Vitamin A supplements: Reduce complications.
• Antibiotics: For secondary infections.
• Recovery time: 10–14 days.

Prevention

• Vaccination is key (safe & effective).

Two doses:

• First dose: 9–15 months.
• Second dose: 15–18 months.
• 95% vaccination coverage needed for herd immunity.