Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA) organized an international solar conference titled ‘Sun, Space Weather, and Solar-Stellar Connections’ to commemorate the 125th anniversary of Kodaikanal Solar Observatory.

• The Kodaikanal Solar Observatory (KSO), established in 1899, is owned and operated by the Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA).
• Located in the Palani range of hills in Tamil Nadu, Kodaikanal was selected for its proximity to the equator and its dust-free, high-altitude environment, ideal for solar observations.
• The observatory was founded to enhance understanding of how the Sun heats Earth’s atmosphere and to study monsoon patterns.