ISRO Mission on Venus

Syllabus: General Studies Paper 3

The ISRO is now readying a spacecraft to orbit Venus to study what lies below the surface of the solar system’s hottest planet, and also unravel the mysteries under the Sulfuric Acid clouds enveloping it. ISRO is planning to launch the mission in December 2024.

About Venus:

• Venus is the second planet from the sun and the hottest planet in the solar system with a surface temperature of 500C – high enough to melt lead.
• The planet’s thick atmosphere has cranked the surface pressure up to 90 bars.
• A single Venusian rotation takes 243.0226 Earth days. That means a day lasts longer than a year on Venus, which makes a complete orbit around the sun in 225 Earth days.
• The Venusian planetary core has a diameter of about 4,360 miles (7,000 km), comparable to Earth’s core.
• Venus is one of just two planets that rotate from east to west. Only Venus and Uranus have this “backwards” rotation.

Historic missions to Venus:

• Magellan– A NASA mission that ended in 1994.
• Venus Express – A European mission- focused on atmospheric science.
• Akatsuki- Japanese spacecraft- focused on atmospheric science.

NASA’s two new missions to Venus:

• Davinci+: The Davinci+ (Deep Atmosphere Venus Investigation of Noble gases, Chemistry, and Imaging) mission will:
• Measure the planet’s atmosphere to gain insight into how it formed and evolved.
• Determine whether Venus ever had an ocean.
• Return the first high resolution images of the planet’s “tesserae” geological features (These features could be comparable to continents on Earth).
• Veritas (Venus Emissivity, Radio Science, InSAR, Topography, and Spectroscopy):

• This mission will map the planet’s surface to understand its geological history and investigate how it developed so differently than Earth.
• It will use a form of radar to chart surface elevations and discover whether volcanoes and earthquakes are still happening.