General Studies Paper -3
Context: The recent visit of King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck of Bhutan to India marked a significant step in reinforcing the close bilateral ties between the two nations.
Key Outcomes of the Visit
- Hydropower Collaboration: Both sides emphasized the completion of the timely Punatsangchhu Hydropower Project (Phase I &II).
- Discussions were held on new reservoir hydropower projects showcasing the shared commitment to advancing energy cooperation.
- Gelephu Mindfulness City project: India reiterated its support to transform Gelephu (a town in southern Bhutan near the Indian border) into a hub of sustainable development and urban planning.
- Gelephu’s strategic location near Assam makes it a critical point for regional connectivity and trade.
- Cross-Border Connectivity: Both sides discussed advancing connectivity initiatives, including:
- Rail Projects: Enhancing cross-border movement of goods and people.
- Digital Networks: Strengthening digital infrastructure for greater integration.
- The inauguration of the Integrated Check Post (ICP) at Darranga, Assam, marks a significant advancement in enhancing connectivity.
- Private Sector Involvement: Bhutan emphasized its partnership with Indian conglomerates, including the Adani Group.
- Discussions were focused on renewable energy sources like solar, hydropower, and infrastructure projects in Gelephu.
Significance of Hydropower in India-Bhutan Relations
- Economic Impact on Bhutan: Hydropower projects account for a major share of Bhutan’s revenue through electricity exports to India.
- Mutual Benefits: These projects not only enhance Bhutan’s economy but also bolster India’s energy security and renewable energy goals.
- Future Expansion: Both nations committed to exploring new hydropower opportunities, ensuring the sustainability of this mutually beneficial partnership.
Challenges and Opportunities for India
- Challenges:
- Delays in Projects: Prolonged delays in projects like Punatsangchhu-I remain a concern.
- Geopolitical Pressure: Increased Chinese investments in the region pose challenges to India’s influence.
- Opportunities:
- Diversification: Exploring non-traditional sectors like urban planning and digital infrastructure can broaden bilateral ties.
- Private Sector Engagement: Involvement of companies like the Adani Group can bring new investments and technologies to Bhutan while helping India counter the growing influence of external powers in the region.