• As per the report of the 5th round of the National Family Health Survey -5
• The total fertility rate of India has declined from 2.2 to 2.0 between the fourth National Family Health Survey (NFHS) conducted in 2015-16 and the fifth one in 2019-21.
• This indicates the significant progress of population control measures.
• There are only five states in India, which are above the replacement level of fertility of 2.1.
• This includes Bihar (2.98), Meghalaya (2.91), Uttar Pradesh (2. 35), Jharkhand (2.26) and Manipur (2.17).

• To combat the increasing pollution and rejuvenate Dal Lake, a unique initiative known as ‘Athwas’ has been launched by the Lieutenant Governor Manoj Sinha.
• ‘Athwas’ is a unique partnership between citizens and authorities for the rejuvenation of Lake. It involves community participation.
• Under the initiative, the de-weeding and dredging will be conducted in collaboration with the citizens.

About Dal:

• It was known as the summer capital of Jammu and Kashmir.
• It is named the “Jewel in the crown of Kashmir” or “Srinagar’s Jewel”.
• The lake is also an important source for commercial operations in fishing and water plant harvesting.
• The lake is located in the Zabarwan mountain valley, in the foothills of the Shankracharya hills, which surround it on three sides.
• The lake has four main interconnected basins namely, Hazratbal, Bod dal, Gagribal and Nagin.
• The floating gardens here, known as “Raad” in Kashmiri, blossom with lotus flowers during July and August.

• PMJJBY, PMSBY and APY were launched by Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi on 9th May, 2015 from Kolkata, West Bengal.
• These three social security schemes are dedicated to the welfare of the citizens, recognising the need for securing human life from unforeseen risks/losses and financial uncertainties.

ABOUT THE SCHEMES

Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana (PMJJBY)

Scheme: PMJJBY is a one-year life insurance scheme renewable from year to year offering coverage for death due to any reason.

Eligibility: Individuals in the age group of 18-50 years having a savings bank or a post office account are entitled to enroll under the scheme. People who join the scheme before completing 50 years of age can continue to have the risk of life covered up to age of 55 years upon payment of premium.

Benefits: Life cover of Rs. 2 Lakh in case of death due to any reason against a premium of Rs. 330/- per annum.

Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY)

Scheme: PMSBY is a one-year accidental insurance scheme renewable from year to year offering coverage for death or disability due to accident.

Eligibility: Individuals in the age group of 18-70 years having a savings bank or a post office account are entitled to enroll under the scheme.

Benefits: Accidental death cum disability cover of Rs.2 lakh (Rs.1 lakh in case of partial disability) for death or disability due to an accident.

Atal Pension Yojana (APY)

The Atal Pension Yojana (APY) was launched to create a universal social security system for all Indians, especially the poor, the under-privileged and the workers in the unorganised sector. It is an initiative of the Government to provide financial security and cover future exigencies for the people in the unorganized sector.

Eligibility: APY is open to all bank account holders in the age group of 18 to 40 years and the contributions differ, based on pension amount chosen.

Benefits: Subscribers would receive the guaranteed minimum monthly pension of Rs. 1000 or Rs. 2000 or Rs. 3000 or Rs. 4000 or Rs. 5000 at the age of 60 years, based on the contributions made by the subscriber after joining the scheme.

About Gopal krishan Gokhale

• Birth: Gopal Krishna Gokhale was born on 9 May 1866 in Kotluk village in Maharashtra in a Brahmin family.
• Role in Colonial Legislatures:
  Between 1899 and 1902, he was a member of the Bombay Legislative Council followed by work at the Imperial Legislative Council from 1902 till his death (1915).
• At the Imperial legislature, Gokhale played a key role in framing the Morley-Minto reforms of 1909.
• Role in INC:
  He was associated with the Moderate Group of Indian National Congress (joined in 1889).
• He became president of INC in 1905 in Banaras session.
• This was the time when bitter differences had arisen between his group of ‘Moderates’ and the ‘Extremists’ led by Lala Lajpat Rai and Bal Gangadhar Tilak among others. The two factions split at the Surat session of 1907.
• Despite the ideological difference, in 1907, he intensely campaigned for the release of Lala Lajpat Rai, who was imprisoned that year by the British at Mandalay in present-day Myanmar.
• He established the Servants of India Society in 1905 for the expansion of Indian education.
• He was also associated with the Sarvajanik sabha journal started by Govind Ranade.
• In 1908, Gokhale founded the Ranade Institute of Economics.
• He started english weekly newspaper, The Hitavada (The people’s paper).
• Mentor to Gandhi:
• As a liberal nationalist, he is regarded by Mahatma Gandhi as his political guru.
• Gandhi wrote a book in Gujarati dedicated to the leader titled ‘Dharmatma Gokhale’.

• According to the Bengali calendar, the Tagore Jayanti falls on the 25th day of the Boishakh month.
• This year, the Jayanti will be celebrated across the Bengali community in India and Bangladesh on May 9
• Rabindranath Tagore was born in Calcutta on May 7, 1861. He was also referred to as ‘Gurudev’, ‘Kabiguru’, and ‘Biswakabi’.
• Rabindranath was an exceptional literary figure and a renowned polymath who singlehandedly reshaped the region’s literature and music.
• In 1913 Rabindranath Tagore was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for his work on Gitanjali.
• He was the first non-European to receive the Nobel Prize .
• In 1915 Tagore was awarded knighthood by the British King George V. In 1919, following the Jallianwalla Bagh massacre he renounced his Knighthood.
• Besides all his literary achievements he was also a philosopher and educationist who in 1921 established the Vishwa-Bharati University, a university that challenged conventional education.
• Rabindranath Tagore was a good friend of Mahatma Gandhi and is said to have given him the title of Mahatma.
• He not only gave the national anthems for two countries, India and Bangladesh, but also inspired a Ceylonese student of his, to pen and compose the national anthem of Sri Lanka

Amit Shah, The Union Home Ministry has ruled out the possibility of State’s Emergency

WHY IN NEWS  

The demand for central rule in the state is rising, alleging collapsing law and order.

State Emergency (President’s Rule)

Article 356  of the Constitution of India gives the President of India power to suspend state government and impose President’s rule of any state in the country “if he is satisfied that a situation has arisen in which the government of the state cannot be carried on in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution”.

Parliamentary Approval and Duration:

A proclamation imposing President’s Rule must be approved by both the Houses of Parliament within two months from the date of its issue. Initially valid for six months, the President’s Rule can be extended for a maximum period of three years with the approval of the Parliament, every six months.

Key Points

• ‘International No Diet Day 2022’ is celebrated all over the world on 6 May.
• On this day, people are made aware of body acceptance, leaving aside behaviour like body shaming, which includes people of all shapes and sizes.
• In the year 1992, International No Diet Day was celebrated for the first time in the UK by British lady Mary Evans.

Key Points

• Olympian discus thrower Kamalpreet Kaur has been provisionally suspended by Athletics Integrity Unit (AIU) for testing positive for a banned substance.
• Kamalpreet was suspended for the presence/use of the prohibited substance stanozolol in her sample, a breach of the World Athletics anti-doping rules.
• Kaur had made it to the Tokyo Olympics final, finishing sixth with a throw of 63.7m.

The Ministry of Food Processing Industries and NAFED (National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation of India Limited) launched Three One District One Product (ODOP) brands under the Pradhan Mantri Formalisation of Micro food processing Enterprises (PMFME) Scheme.

About PMFME Scheme

• It is Launched under Atmanirbhar Abhiyan (in 2020)
• It aims to enhance the competitiveness of existing individual micro-enterprises in the unorganised segment of the food processing industry and to promote formalisation of the sector and provide support to Farmer Producer Organisations, Self Help Groups, and Producers Cooperatives along their entire value chain.
• The scheme adopts the One District One Product (ODOP) approach to reap the benefit of scale in terms of procurement of inputs, availing common services and marketing of products.
• It will be implemented over a period of five years from 2020-21 to 2024-25.

Financial Support:

• Existing individual micro food processing units desirous of upgrading their units can avail credit-linked capital subsidy at 35% of the eligible project cost with a maximum ceiling of Rs.10 lakh per unit.
• Support would be provided through credit linked grants at 35% for development of common infrastructure including common processing facility, lab, warehouse, etc. through FPOs/SHGs/cooperatives or state owned agencies or private enterprise.
• A seed capital (initial funding) of Rs. 40,000- per Self Help Group (SHG) member would be provided for working capital and purchase of small tools.

Funding:

• It is a centrally sponsored scheme with an outlay of Rs. 10,000 crore.
• The expenditure under the scheme would be shared in 60:40 ratio between Central and State Governments, in 90:10 ratio with North Eastern and Himalayan States, 60:40 ratio with UTs with legislature and 100% by Centre for other UTs.

About World Food Prize:

 Recently, Cynthia Rosenzweig, a Nasa climate research scientist who has spent much of her career explaining how global food production must adapt to a changing climate was awarded the World Food prize.

• It is the foremost international honor recognizing the achievements of individuals who have advanced human development by improving the quality, quantity or availability of food in the world.
• It is an annual award that recognizes contributions in any field involved in the world food supply including plant, animal and soil science; food science and technology; nutrition, rural development, etc.
• In addition to the cash award of $2,50,000, the laureate receives a sculpture designed by the noted artist and designer, Saul Bass.