• The Odisha cabinet recently approved the proposal for the inclusion of Kui language in the 8^th schedule of the constitution.
• The inclusion of Kui in the eighth schedule will help in the preservation, promotion and propagation of the language and culture.

ABOUT KUI

• Kui is a South-Eastern Dravidian language that is also known by the names Kandh, Khondi, Khond, and Khondo.
• It is spoken by the Kandhas.
• It is mostly spoken in Odisha, and written in the Odia script.
• The Kui language was also referred to as the Kuinga language during the historical period.
• It is closely related to the Gondi and Kuvi languages.
• The 1991 Indian Census places it at number 29 with 941,988 native speakers.

• Microsoft has recently announced to have found Majorana zero modes to revolutionise Quantum computing.

BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE

• All subatomic particles that make up matter are called fermions.
• In 1928, the British physicist Paul Dirac derived the Dirac equation, which predicted the existence of an antiparticle for each particle, such that if the two meet, they annihilate each other.
• The first antiparticle found was the positron (or the anti-electron).
• Later Physicist Ettore Majorana predicted particles that satisfied certain conditions to be their own antiparticles.
• In his honour, fermions that are their own antiparticles are called Majorana fermions.
• One subatomic particle that physicists think could be Majorana fermions are neutrinos.
• Pair, or bound states, of fermions that are their own antiparticles are called Majorana zero modes.
• Majorana zero modes could help build quantum computers that are much less fragile than they are today, making them computationally superior.

ABOUT QUANTUM COMPUTING

• Quantum computing is a multidisciplinary field that utilizes quantum mechanics to solve complex problems faster than on classical computers.
• It uses two key principles of quantum physics: superposition and entanglement.
  • Superposition means that each quantum bits or qubit can represent both 1 and 0 at the same time.
  • Entanglement means that qubits in a superposition can be correlated with each other; i.e., state of one (whether it is a 1 or a 0) can depend on state of another.

• A seven-year-old Kadakkal Kummil native was affected by the contagious Brucellosis disease mostly found in cattle breeds.

ABOUT BRUCELLOSIS DISEASE

• It is a bacterial disease caused by various Brucella species, which mainly infect cattle, swine, goats, sheep and dogs.
• It spreads from animals to people. But person-to-person transmission is rare.
• It is also known as Malta fever or Mediterranean fever.
• Brucellosis is endemic in India causing huge economic losses to dairy industry due to Infertility, abortion, birth of weak off springs, reduced productivity etc.
• Humans can get infected under if they
  • Directly contact with infected animals
  • Eat or drink contaminated animal products
  • Inhaling airborne agents carrying bacteria.
• Worldwide, Brucella melitensis is the most prevalent species causing human brucellosis.
• Symptoms: Brucellosis typically causes flu-like symptoms, including fever, weakness, malaise and weight loss.
• It is usually treated with antibiotics, including rifampin and doxycycline.
• To control the disease, the WHO recommends the vaccination of cattle and, in some cases, testing and culling.

• Spanish submarine manufacturer Navantia and India’s Larsen and Toubro (L&T) on recently concluded a Teaming Agreement, to jointly bid for the Project 75I.

ABOUT PROJECT-75I

• Project-75I envisages construction of six advanced submarines in India with significant indigenous content and is estimated to cost over ₹45,000 crore.
• The P-75I is the first project being executed under the Strategic Partnership model of Defence Acquisition Procedure and the Request For Proposal (RFP) was originally issued in July 2021.
• The first submarine must have a minimum of 45% indigenisation, with the indigenous content going up to 60% in the sixth.
• Project 75I requires an Indian bidder to tie up with a foreign collaborator and build six conventional submarines equipped with AIP systems.

AIR-INDEPENDENT PROPULSION (AIP) SYSTEM

• AIP is mostly implemented as an auxiliary source, with the traditional diesel engine handling surface propulsion.
• Most of these systems generate electricity, which in turn drives an electric motor for propulsion or recharges the boat’s batteries.
• An AIP module acts as a force multiplier as it enables conventional submarines to remain submerged for longer duration thereby increasing their endurance and reducing chances of detection.
• It decreases the noise levels made by the submarines. This makes it hard to detect the submarines.
• An indigenously developed AIP module is set to be installed on the Scorpene submarines as they go for refit from 2024 onwards.

• International Malala Day is observed on July 12 each year to honor the bravery and activism of Malala Yousafzai, a Pakistani advocate for girls’ education and the youngest person to receive the Nobel Prize.
• Malala Yousafzai was born on July 12, 1997, in Mingora, Pakistan.
• On October 9th, 2012, gunmen from the Taliban targeted Malala, shooting her in the head. However, she survived the attack.

• A gold stud, a bone point and a carnelian bead belonging to Sangam Age have been excavated at Porpanaikottai site in Pudukottai district of Tamil Nadu.
• The discovery of a carnelian bead (generally found in Northern part of India) indicated a trade with in country.
• Discovery of bone point tools indicated a Porpanaikottai was a site of weaving industry.

• World Population Day is commemorated annually on July 11^th to raise awareness and educate individuals about the challenges and consequences associated with global population growth.
• The theme for World Population Day 2023 is – Unleashing the Power of gender equality: Uplifting the voices of women and girls to unlock our world’s infinite possibilities.
• The first World Population Day was observed on July 11,

• The Lambani Embroidery Exhibition held in Hampi created history on the first day of the G-20 Culture working group, achieving a remarkable Guinness World Record for the largest display of Lambani items.
• It has been named after the Lambani tribe.
• Features- It is an amalgam of pattern darning, mirror work, cross stitch, and overlaid and quilting stitches with borders of “Kangura” patchwork.
• It is done on loosely woven dark blue or red handloom base fabric.
• It received the status of Geographic Indication (GI) tag in 2010 from Karnataka.

ABOUT LAMBANI TRIBE

• They are also called Lambadis or Banjaras.
• They were once nomadic tribes who arrived from Afghanistan to India, mainly Rajasthan (in the Mewar region) and then spread themselves across the states of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Maharashtra.
• They are believed to have assisted the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb to carry goods to the southern part of the country in the 17th century, and that is when some of them settled there.

• India has recently joined the United Nation’s GCRG.

ABOUT GLOBAL CRISIS RESPONSE GROUP (GCRG)

• The GCRG was set up by the UN Secretary General (UNSG) in March 2022 to address urgent and critical global issues pertaining to interlinked crises in food security, energy, and finance and to coordinate a global response.
• The 32-member Group ensures high-level political leadership to get ahead of the immense inter-connected challenges.
• The UN Deputy-Secretary-General leads the Steering Committee of the GCRG.
• It is overseen by the Champions Group comprising of Head of state/Head of government of Bangladesh, Barbados, Denmark, Germany, Indonesia and Senegal.
• It will help decision-makers to mobilize solutions and develop strategies to help vulnerable countries.
• Within the Group, 3 work streams on Food, Energy and Finance will collate data and generate analysis, policy recommendations and solutions to support decision-making and advocacy for consideration of the Steering Committee.

• Peru has imposed a health emergency over an “unusual” outbreak of Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) in the country.

ABOUT GBS

• The Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is a rare but serious neurological disorder and autoimmune disease.
• It is a neurological condition characterized by an uncommon immune system response that mistakenly attacks on nervous system.
• Guillain-Barre Syndrome can manifest in various degrees of severity, ranging from mild cases with brief episodes of weakness to more severe instances of paralysis.
• In GBS, symptoms may progress gradually over a span of hours, days, or weeks eventually rendering certain muscles non-functional.
• Symptoms
  • The earliest symptoms of Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) are usually tingling and weakness in the feet and hands or pain in the legs or back.
  • If the weakness extends beyond the legs, a person may develop the following symptoms:
    • Weakness on both sides of the body
    • Difficulty breathing
    • Muscle weakness in the arms
    • Paralysis of the whole body
  • The disease is often triggered after a viral or bacterial infection.
  • Treatment
  • The two main treatment options for GBS are immunoglobulin therapy (IVIG) and plasma exchange.
    • In IVIG, donated blood containing health anti-bodies is given to a person with GBS. It is an intravenous treatment and is the most common method to treat GBS.
    • In plasma exchange, a person’s blood is taken and harmful anti-bodies are filtered out in a machine. The treated blood is given again to the person.