Current Context : Super Typhoon Yagi’s started devastation across southern China and northern Vietnam.

• Yagi was the strongest autumn typhoon to strike China since 1949.
• It caused flooding and landslides in northern Vietnam.

About Cyclone

• Cyclone is a large-scale air mass that rotates around a strong center of low atmospheric pressure. It is accompanied by strong winds, heavy rain, and often a storm surge.
• Formation Conditions:Cyclones form over warm ocean waters (sea surface temperature of at least 26°C or 79°F) where there is sufficient moisture and instability.

Mechanism: Warm, moist air rises from the ocean surface, creating a low-pressure area. As air moves in to replace the rising air, it is heated and rises further, leading to the development of a cyclone.

Types of Cyclones:

• Tropical Cyclones:Form over tropical oceans and are known by different names based on their location:
  • Hurricane:In the North Atlantic and North Pacific.
  • Typhoon:In the Northwest Pacific Ocean.
  • Cyclone:In the Indian Ocean and South Pacific.
• Extraterrestrial Cyclones:Form over temperate regions and include:
  • Mid-Latitude Cyclones: Also known as extratropical cyclones or frontal cyclones, typically associated with fronts and occur outside the tropics.

Examples:

• Hurricanes:Hurricane Katrina (2005), Hurricane Sandy (2012).
• Typhoons:Typhoon Haiyan (2013), Typhoon Yagi (2018), (2024).
• Cyclones:Cyclone Amphan (2020), Cyclone Idai (2019).

Current Context :  CM Yogi Adityanath inaugurates the India’s first conservation and breeding centre for the Asian King Vultures in Bharivaisi, Gorakhpur U.P.

• Jatayu Conservation and Breeding Centre – aims to improve the population of the species, which has been listed as critically endangered in the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s red list since 2007.
• The centre in Gorakhpur set up at a cost of ₹80 crore includes breeding aviary, holding aviary, hospital aviary, nursery aviary, veterinary section.
• Six vultures (male and female) have been introduced to the facility.

Current Context : The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has successfully completed the Arab world’s first nuclear power plant, the Barakah Nuclear Energy Plant.

• The Barakah Nuclear Energy Plant is situated in Al Dhafra, within the Emirate of Abu Dhabi on the Arabian Gulf.
• It is a four-reactor plant, will provide 25 percent of the electricity required by the hot, desert Gulf state, where air-conditioning is widespread.
• It will also power major industries such as oil production, steel manufacturing, and aluminum

About UAE

• The UAE is a federation of seven emirates.
• Emirates: Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm Al-Quwain, Fujairah, and Ras Al Khaimah.
• Capital: Abu Dhabi is the capital city.

Government: A federal absolute monarchy with a President and a Prime Minister. Each emirate is ruled by its own monarch.

Current Context : Indian Immunologicals Ltd (IIL) launched its paediatric dose of India’s first indigenous Hepatitis A vaccine – Havisure.

ABOUT HEPATITIS

• Hepatitis refers to inflammation of the liver, and it can be caused by various factors, including viral infections, alcohol use, medications, and other conditions.
• The most common forms are viral hepatitis, which includes Hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E.

• Hepatitis A is a highly contagious liver infection caused by the Hepatitis A virus, which predominantly affects children and can lead to severe health complications.
• Transmission: Primarily transmitted through the ingestion of contaminated food or water.
• Contagion:Can spread in areas with poor sanitation and hygiene practices.
• Symptoms: Fever, fatigue, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, and jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes).
• Duration:Symptoms typically appear 2-6 weeks after exposure and usually last for a few weeks to a couple of months.

Disease Burden in India :

• India had over 11% of global hepatitis burden in 2022, with 35.3 million cases, according to 2024 Global Hepatitis Report by the World Health Organization (WHO).

Current Context :The government will soon launch ‘INDIAsize’ initiative, which aims to establish standardized measurements designed to better suit the Indian body types,

ABOUT

Objective: Aims to create standardized body measurements tailored to Indian body types for better fitting garments.

CURRENT ISSUE:

• Existing Problem:International and domestic brands in India use sizing standards from the US or UK (small, medium, large) for clothes.
• Mismatch:These standards do not fit well with Indian body types, causing frequent fitting issues and dissatisfaction.
• Sanctioned By:Ministry of Textiles, Government of India.
• Data Collection:Involves gathering measurements from over 25,000 people (both male and female) aged 15 to 65 years across India.
• Technology:Uses human-safe 3D whole body scanning to collect accurate data.
• It helps national and international retailers produce garments that fit Indian body types better, balancing demand and supply.

Current Context : DigiYatra facility, a biometric-based system that utilizes facial recognition technology to streamline terminal entry and security clearance processes at airports, was officially launched at nine Airport Authority of India (AAI).

• Bhubaneswar, Coimbatore, Dabolim, Indore, Bagdogra, Ranchi, Patna, Raipur, Visakhapatnam

ABOUT DIGI YATRA 

• Digi Yatra is a modern airport program that uses facial recognition to make travel easier.
• Aim : to enhance the passenger experience with seamless, contactless, and paperless boarding at airports through Facial Recognition Technology (FCT.)
• Launch Year:December 2022
• Focus Area:Implementing contactless and facial recognition technology at airports
• Nodal Ministry:Ministry of Civil Aviation

Current Context : Ministry of Defence successfully launched the intermediate-range ballistic missile Agni 4 from the Integrated Test Range in Chandipur, Odisha.

• It was conducted under the aegis of the Strategic Forces Command.

ABOUT AGNI-IV (FORMERLY KNOWN AS AGNI II PRIME)

• Type:Intermediate-Range Ballistic Missile (IRBM)
• Range:Up to 4,000 kilometers
• Payload:Can carry up to 1,000 kilograms
• Developed by : Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)
• It is a surface-to-surface missile
• Equipped with advanced avionics and a fifth-generation onboard computer
• Navigation Systems: Uses a highly accurate Ring Laser Gyro-based Inertial Navigation System (RINS) and a backup Micro Navigation System (MINGS) for precise targeting.

Current Context : Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched the Jal Sanchay Jan Bhagidari initiative to enhance rainwater harvesting and ensure long-term water sustainability in Gujarat.

• The initiative will be implemented in 24,800 rainwater harvesting structures across
• Aim : to make water conservation a national priority.
• Implemented by Jal Shakti Ministry.

VARIOUS SCHEMES RELATED TO WATER CONSERVATION 

• Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM) : To provide safe and adequate drinking water through individual household tap connections by 2024.
• Jal Shakti Abhiyan : To promote water conservation and rainwater harvesting, particularly in drought-prone areas.
• Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana (PMKSY) : To enhance irrigation coverage and improve water use efficiency in agriculture.
• Atal Bhujal Yojana : To improve groundwater management in water-stressed areas.
• Integrated Watershed Management Programme (IWMP) : To improve the quality and quantity of water resources through watershed management.

Observed globally on September 8.

• Theme :Low back pain (LBP) and the role of physiotherapy in its management and prevention
• Aim : to raise awareness of the critical work physiotherapists do in promoting overall health and well-being.
• It was first designated in 1996 by World Physiotherapy, formerly known as the World Confederation for Physical Therapy (WCPT).

Current Context : The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY)  launches 2nd Cohort of Startup Accelerators of MeitY for Product Innovation, Development and Growth (SAMRIDH).

ABOUT SAMRIDH:

• SAMRIDH is a flagship programme of MeitY for startups acceleration under National Policy on Software Products – 2019.
• Launched in August 2021
• Aim : to support 300 software product startups with outlay of ₹99 crore over a period of 4 years.
• Implemented by MeitY Start-up Hub (MSH), Digital India Corporation (DIC).