Vikram 3201 and Kalpana 3201

• ISRO has developed two advanced 32-bit microprocessors, Vikram 3201 and Kalpana 3201, for space applications in collaboration with the Semiconductor Laboratory (SCL), Chandigarh.

Background

• ISRO has a legacy of microprocessor development for its launch vehicles.
• Vikram 1601 (16-bit), operational since 2009, was an earlier milestone.
• The new 32-bit processors mark a step towards self-reliance under Make in India.

Vikram 3201: Features & Applications

• India’s first fully indigenous 32-bit microprocessor.
• Built using 180-nanometer Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) technology at SCL.
• Supports floating-point computations and Ada language compatibility.
• Designed to withstand extreme space conditions.

Kalpana 3201: Features & Applications

• Based on Scalable Processor Architecture (SPARC) Version 8 Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) architecture.
• Compatible with open-source software and diverse development tools.
• Offers high efficiency and adaptability for space applications.
• Testing & Validation: Vikram 3201 successfully tested in the PSLV Orbital Experimental Module (POEM-4) mission.