Selenium

Recently, an investigation by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) detected elevated selenium levels in the blood and hair of affected individuals, in Maharashtra’s Buldhana district. The source was traced to wheat from Public Distribution System (PDS) outlets.

• About Selenium

1. Essential mineral found in food and supplements.
2. Exists as a byproduct of metal sulfide ore refining, not in pure elemental form.
3. Present in soil & groundwater in inorganic forms, converted by plants into organic compounds like selenocysteine & selenomethionine.
4. Component of 25 selenoproteins, aiding in thyroid function, DNA synthesis, reproduction, & oxidative stress protection.

• Applications

1. Glassmaking: Decolorizes glass, creates red-colored glass/enamels.
2. Electronics: Used in photocells, solar cells, light meters (now replaced by silicon).
3. Pigments: Adds red color to ceramics, paints, plastics.
4. Rubber Industry: Strengthens rubber via vulcanization.

• Selenium Toxicity (Selenosis)

1. Causes: Overconsumption via diet, supplements, or environmental exposure.
2. Symptoms: Hair loss, nausea, fatigue, brittle nails, and neurological issues.