Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF)

• KMGBF has completed one year since adoption.

• Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF) was adopted at the Convention on Biological Diversity’s (CBD) 15th Conference of Parties (CoP15) in Montreal.
• The Framework furthers the overall agenda of the CBD that strives to ensure that biodiversity is protected, used sustainably and that the benefits accrued from its use are shared equitably with the communities that have protected it for centuries.
• Four overarching goals to be achieved by 2050 focus on ecosystem and species health including
  • to halt human-induced species extinction,
  • the sustainable use of biodiversity,
  • equitable sharing of benefits, and
  • on implementation and finance to include closing the biodiversity finance gap of $700 billion per year.
• Among the twenty-three targets to be achieved by 2030 include
  • 30 per cent conservation of land, sea and inland waters,
  • 30 per cent restoration of degraded ecosystems,
  • halving the introduction of invasive species,
  • $500 billion/year reduction in harmful subsidies,
  • Reduce risk from pesticides by at least 50% by 2030,
  • Reduce nutrients lost to the environment by at least 50% by 2030 etc.

About CBD

• CBD is a legally binding treaty to conserve biodiversity that has been ratified by 196 nations, including India.
• Adopted in 1992 at Rio Earth Summit (enforced in 1993).
• It aims at achieving a historic deal to halt and reverse biodiversity loss on par with the 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change.
• CBD Secretariat – Montreal, Canada.
• The Parties (Countries) under CBD, meet at regular intervals and these meetings are called Conference of Parties (COP).
• Main Protocols
  • Nagoya Protocol on Access to Generic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization.
  • Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity.