October 15, 2025
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Syllabus: General Studies Paper 3
Context:
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2021 analysis shows that the window of opportunity to limit temperature rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius to avoid the worst impacts of climate change is closing.
- We need success stories, peer learning, and technologies that will help us move to a zero-emissions economy by 2050 and halve humanity’s greenhouse gas emissions by 2030.
- Israel remains a leader in climate-change technology.
Key points of IPCC report:
- The average global temperature rise in 2021 is projected to be about 1.2 degrees Celsius above that of the pre-industrial period.
- The average surface temperature of the Earth will cross 1.5 °C over pre-industrial levels in the next 20 years (By 2040) and 2°C by the middle of the century without sharp reduction of emissions.
- It noted that global net-zero by 2050 was the minimum required to keep the temperature rise to 1.5 degree Celsius.
- A net zero emission target implies that all human-caused greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are balanced out by removing GHGs from the atmosphere in a process known as carbon removal.
Recent climate change phenomenons:
- While massive floods in Germany and Western Europe claimed the lives of hundreds, entire villages in India were washed away by monsoon rains.
- Sardinia, Greece, Turkey, Australia, US and Siberia were hit by widespread fires.
- In California and Canada, temperatures reached unthinkable records of above 50 degrees Celsius.
Concerns for India:
- In India, the Himalayan glaciers, the source of major rivers and aquifers supplying water to hundreds of millions of Indians, are disappearing at an alarming rate.
- Climate change will increase the risks in low-lying coastal zones due to cyclones and coastal and inland flooding, storm surges and sea-level rise, threatening communities along the Indian coastline.
- The increased frequency of extreme events such as floods and droughts will have a severe impact on India’s agriculture and water resources, food security and the prosperity of rural communities.
Need for climate innovation:
- Economic development has been a policy priority for India in the last decades.
- It lifted millions of people out of poverty while creating larger demands for goods and services, and increasing the demand for energy across all sectors.
- India has made enormous investments in renewable energy sources, to increase the use of solar, wind, biomass, waste, and hydropower energies.
- But there are still enormous challenges in meeting Indian demands for energy, food, and water in a sustainable way.
- We must transition to a lifestyle and economy that supports, not disrupts the planet’s climate, nature and environment.
Way forward:
- Adopting Israeli technology and techniques: Israel is a laboratory for the development of practical solutions to the climate crisis.
- Water use and agricultural techniques: Through its drip irrigation and other agricultural methods, Israel has established agriculture in the desert and arid areas.
- Drip irrigation or trickle irrigation is a type of micro-irrigation system that has the potential to save water and nutrients by allowing water to drip slowly to the roots of plants, either from above the soil surface or buried below the surface.
- Israel recycles 90 per cent of its wastewater. It employs technology to desalinate drinking water.
- Vertical farming: It is an Israeli ag-tech that specializes in vertical growing systems. Vertical farming, it says, uses 90 percent less water than regular field farming, produces plants much quicker and is pest- and weather resistant, meaning that more food can be grown more easily.
- It has developed solutions for energy storage, energy efficiency, and renewable energy.
- The development of innovative technologies, improvements in the power grid, changes in energy use by households, transition to electric vehicles are some examples.
- Israel’s climate innovation also provides solutions in the fields of compressed-air energy storage, energy generation from sea waves, the use of advanced computing tools for energy management, and more.
- Animal protein substitutes: Products such as poultry, milk, eggs and more are being produced in laboratories using methods that emit almost no greenhouse gases.
- It allows huge swathes of agricultural land currently being used for livestock purposes to be freed up for ecological restoration and reforestation.
- Information technology for the health sector might also become a growing market due to climate change-driven impacts on human health.
- Water use and agricultural techniques: Through its drip irrigation and other agricultural methods, Israel has established agriculture in the desert and arid areas.
The Indian Express link:
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