Dark Sky Reserve

Syllabus: General Studies Paper 3

By the end of 2022, India will establish the country’s first Dark Sky Reserve in the cold desert regions of Ladakh.

What is a Dark Sky Reserve?

• A Dark Sky Reserve is public or private land with a distinguished nocturnal environment and starry nights that has been developed responsibly to prevent light pollution.
• According to the International Dark Sky Association (IDSA) website, these reserves “consist of a core area meeting minimum criteria for sky quality and natural darkness, and a peripheral area that supports dark sky preservation in the core.”
• These reserves are formed through a “partnership of multiple land managers who have recognized the value of the natural nighttime environment through regulations and long-term planning”.

How does a site become a ‘Dark Sky Reserve’?

• Individuals or groups can nominate a site for certification to the International Dark Sky Association (IDSA). 
• There are five designated categories, namely International Dark Sky parks, communities, reserves, sanctuaries and Urban Night Sky Places.
• The certification process is similar to that of a site being awarded the UNESCO World Heritage Site tag or getting recognised as a Biosphere Reserve. 
• Between 2001 and January 2022, there have been 195 sites recognised as International Dark Sky Places globally.
• The IDSA considers a piece of land suitable for dark sky place only if it is either publicly or privately owned; is accessible to the public partially or entirely during the year.
• The land is legally protected for scientific, natural, educational, cultural, heritage and/or public enjoyment purposes.
• The core area of the land provides an exceptional dark sky resource relative to the communities and cities that surround it and the land offers prescribed night sky brightness either for a reserve, park or sanctuary.

Who is developing India’s first Dark Sky Reserve?

• The Ladakh Union Territory administration is leading the efforts in establishing the country’s first Dark Sky Reserve.
• To be situated at a height of 4,500 metres above sea level, the Hanle Dark Sky Reserve (HDSR) will come up within the Changthang Wildlife Sanctuary.
• The Department of Science and Technology and experts from the Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA), Bengaluru, are providing scientific and technological support in developing this first-of-its-kind facility. The IIA already manages the Indian Astronomical Observatory (IAO) complex at Hanle, Ladakh.
• The formal decision to set up this Dark Sky Reserve was made through a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) signed between officials from the IIA, Bengaluru, the Ladakh UT and the Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council in June this year.

Why was Ladakh chosen for the project?

• Ladakh is a unique cold desert located about 3,000 metres above sea level with high mountainous terrains.
• This aridity, limited vegetation, high elevation and large areas with sparse populations – all make it the perfect setting for long-term astronomical observatories and dark sky places.
• But the primary objective of the proposed Dark Sky Reserve is to promote astronomy tourism in a sustainable and environment-friendly manner. 
• Scientific methods will be used here to preserve the night sky from ever-increasing light pollution.
• With metros, cities and peripheral areas experiencing light pollution and remaining constantly lit up, there are diminishing areas that offer a view of clear skies on cloudless nights.

Will this help boost tourism in Ladakh?

• The Ladakh Tourism Vision Document 2022 underlined the need for efforts to increase the use of green fuels and boost carbon-neutral activities.
• In the pilot phase, the IIA has procured ten small and easy-to-handle telescopes and light-reflecting shields. 
• IIA’s scientists and outreach experts will identify locals and train them to use these telescopes. 
• This will include basic sky gazing, identification of constellations, and locating the pole star, among others. 
• These telescopes will be installed at the homestays, which is a popular option for tourist accommodation in Ladakh.
• The 22-km radius around the Hanle observatory, where the core Dark Sky Reserve will stand, will have restrictions imposed on outdoor lighting. 
• All vehicles will be barred from using high-beam headlights. Houses here will be encouraged to use curtains of darker shades, install light reflecting shields and switch off all unwanted illumination.