One Nation, One ITR Form

Syllabus: General Studies Paper 2

The Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) has proposed a single income tax return (ITR) form for all taxpayers. A draft form has been released, to which all stakeholders can provide inputs up to December 15.

Kinds of ITR forms

There are seven kinds of ITR forms, which are used by different categories of taxpayers. They are as follows:

• ITR Form 1, called ‘Sahaj’, is for small and medium taxpayers. Sahaj forms can be filed by individuals who have an income up to Rs 50 lakh, with earnings from salary, one house property/ other sources (interest etc).
• ITR-2 is filed by people with income from residential property.
• * ITR-3 is intended for people who have income as profits from business/ profession
• ITR-4 (Sugam) is, like ITR-1 (Sahaj), a simple forms, and can be filed by individuals, Hindu Undivided Families (HUFs) and firms with total income up to Rs 50 lakh from business and profession.
• ITR-5 and 6 are for limited liability partnerships (LLPs) and businesses respectively.
• ITR-7 is filed by trusts and non-profit organisations.

What is the change that has been proposed?

• According to the proposal, all taxpayers, barring trusts and non-profit organisations (ITR-7), will be able to use a common ITR form, which will include a separate head for disclosure of income from virtual digital assets.
• “The proposed draft ITR…proposes to introduce a common ITR by merging all the existing returns of income except ITR-7.

Rationale Behind the Proposal

• The proposed draft ITR takes a relook at the return filing system in tandem with international best practices. 
• The draft form aims to make it easier to file returns, and to considerably reduce the time taken for the job by individuals and non-business-type taxpayers.
• The taxpayers will not be required to see the schedules that do not apply to them. 
• It intends the smart design of schedules in a user-friendly manner with a better arrangement, logical flow, and increased scope of pre-filling. 
• It will also facilitate the proper reconciliation of third-party data available with the Income-Tax department vis-à-vis the data to be reported in the ITR to reduce the compliance burden on the taxpayers.
• The proposed ITR form would be customised for taxpayers with applicable schedules, based on certain questions answered by them.
• Once the common ITR form is notified, after taking into account the inputs received from stakeholders, the online utility will be released by the Income Tax department. 
• In such a utility, a customised ITR containing only the applicable questions and schedules will be available to the taxpayer.