LOX-methane engine

• The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is working on a LOX-methane engine for its Next Generation Launch Vehicle (NGLV).
• This engine will feature a reusable booster stage and two expendable upper stages, aiming to enhance mission flexibility with multiple restart capabilities.
• Recent successful tests of a spark torch igniter mark a significant step in this ambitious project.

About LOX-Methane Engines

• Uses Liquid Oxygen (LOX) as an oxidiser and methane as fuel.
• Methane is preferred for future space missions due to:
• Ability to be synthesized from water and CO₂ in space.
• Potential use in long-duration Mars missions.

Importance of Multiple Restarts

• Helps in booster stage recovery and upper stage operations.
• Allows trajectory adjustments during flight.
• Enhances mission adaptability for changing objectives.

Development of Spark Torch Igniter

• ISRO’s Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC) is developing the igniter.
• Ensures higher ignition reliability and cleaner combustion.
• Successfully tested using gaseous oxygen and hydrogen.
• Shift from Hydrazine to Methane: Current fuel (hydrazine) is toxic and carcinogenic.
• Methane advantages:
• Non-toxic and safer to handle.
• Higher specific impulse (better efficiency).
• Easier storage and handling.