Caspian Sea

March 1, 2025

Recent reports highlight severe environmental challenges in the Caspian Sea, as declining water levels threaten regional biodiversity and human activities.
Geography:
World’s largest enclosed water body (370,000 sq. km), bordered by Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Russia, Turkmenistan, and Iran.
Northern part: Less salty, shallow; Southern part: Saltier, 1,025m deep.
Biodiversity & Threats :
Habitat for 130+ fish species, including sturgeon (key for caviar production).
Pollution, overfishing, and habitat destruction endanger species and livelihoods.
Conservation Efforts: Caspian Environment Programme (1998) and Tehran Convention (2003), ratified in 2006) focus on pollution control, marine restoration, and sustainable development.