Expansion of Great Nicobar Project

General Studies Paper -3

Context: The Union Shipping Ministry has proposed a major expansion of the ₹72,000 crore mega-infrastructure project on Great Nicobar Island.

The Great Nicobar project

• Implementing authority: The project is being implemented by the Port Blair-based Andaman and Nicobar Islands Integrated Development Corporation Ltd (ANIIDCO).
• The Project involves developing an International Container Transshipment Terminal (ICTT), an international airport, township development, and a 450 MVA gas and solar-based power plant on the island.
  • The site for the ICTT and power plant is Galathea Bay on the southeastern corner of Great Nicobar Island, where there is no human habitation.

Significance of the Project

• Economic Growth: The International Container Transshipment Terminal (ICTT) will position Great Nicobar as a key hub in global maritime trade, boosting regional economic growth.
• Strategic Importance: The project enhances India’s maritime capabilities and reduces dependence on foreign ports for cargo transshipment.
• Sustainability: The 450 MVA gas and solar-based power plant will provide renewable energy, reducing reliance on fossil fuels.

What are the new additions?

• The project includes an international cruise terminal and high-end tourism infrastructure, aimed at transforming the island into a global port-led city with sustainable eco-tourism.
• The Shipping Ministry has also sought 100 acres of land with a seafront for a proposed ship building and ship breaking facility, and an export-import port.

Concerns associated with the project

• Ecological degradation: It will lead to the destruction of around 33,000 acres of biodiversity-rich forests and will threaten marine ecosystems, including coral reefs and nesting grounds for endangered species.
• Humanitarian Concerns: The project will lead to the displacement of indigenous communities, like Payuh with traditional rights over Meroë and Menchal Islands, disrupting their livelihoods and cultural heritage.
• Transparency Issues: Multiple requests for detailed project information were denied under Section 8(1)(a) of the RTI Act, citing reasons of sovereignty, integrity, and security of the nation.

Concluding remarks

• While the Great Nicobar Project aims to boost economic growth and strategic presence, it risks environmental damage and indigenous displacement.
• A transparent, consultative, and ecologically sensitive approach is crucial to balance development with biodiversity conservation and safeguard the rights of local communities.