October 15, 2025

Global debt Monitor 2023

It is released by the International Monetary Fund (IMF).

KEY HIGHLIGHTS

  • The total debt stood at 238 percent of global gross domestic product last year, 9 percentage points higher than in 2019.
  • In US dollar terms, debt amounted to $235 trillion, or $200 billion above its level in 2021.
  • Private debt by households and non-financial corporations made the largest contribution to the overall decline.
  • Global debt appears to have returned to its historical upward trend.
  • China played a central role in increasing global debt in recent decades as borrowing outpaced economic growth.

 

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