Syllabus: General Studies Paper 1 Context: Marital rapes has not been criminalised in India Background: In 2017, the Supreme Court, in Independent Thought v. Union of India, refused to delve into the question of marital rape of adult women. SC examined an exception to Section 375 (rape) of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) which allows a man to force sex on his wife.  Recent rulings by High Courts have been contradictory — one backed marital rape as a valid ground for divorce, while another granted anticipatory bail to a man while concluding that forcible sex is not an “illegal thing”.  Recent....Read More

Syllabus- General Studies 3(environment)  Context Despite many climate commitments and accomplishments, global pressures are intensifying on India to commit more towards the Conference of the Parties (COP26), scheduled for November 2021 in Glasgow.  The UK will host the 26th UN Climate Change Conference of the Parties (COP26) in Glasgow on 31 October – 12 November 2021. The COP26 summit will bring parties together to accelerate action towards the goals of the Paris Agreement and the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. Comparing base reality among nations in meeting climate goals Examining World Bank data for CO2 emissions (metric tons per....Read More

Syllabus: General Studies paper 3 Context: Industrial Revolution 4.0 refers to the fourth industrial revolution related to manufacturing and chain production. Industry 4.0 is a complex Cyber-Physical Systems which synergizes production with digital technologies, the Internet of Things, Artificial Intelligence, Big Data & Analytics, Machine Learning and Cloud Computing. The term ‘Industry 4.0’ was coined by the German government in 2011. Additive manufacturing, Internet of Things, Cyber Physical Systems, Augmented Reality/Virtual Reality and data analytics are some of the technologies associated with Industry 4.0. The potential of MSMEs for India: Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are expected to become the backbone of India as....Read More

Syllabus- General Studies 3(environment)  Context The policy significance of the recent report of the United Nations (UN) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is that reaching net zero alone is not enough as it is the cumulative emissions up to net zero which determine the temperature that is reached, and that a global policy which considers only current emissions will not limit global warming and its adverse effects. Background For 30 years, climate negotiations have struggled with a frame that created an imbalance between countries sharing global carbon space, the only limited natural resource.  Development depleted carbon space causing the climate problem....Read More

Syllabus: General Studies Paper 3 Context: The COP 26 UN Climate Change Conference, hosted by the UK in partnership with Italy, will take place from 31 October to 12 November 2021 in the Scottish Event Campus (SEC) in Glasgow, UK. What is the Net-zero emissions target? Net-zero emission is the method of balancing the greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere by the greenhouse gas absorption from the atmosphere. In zero-carbon emission, the country will focus on limiting carbon emission. But in Net-zero carbon the country will focus on bringing the net carbon emission to zero. In the initial phase, the country will focus on reducing human-caused....Read More