CURRENT CONTEXT : Uttarakhand Assembly passed the Uttarakhand Minority Education Bill 2025, abolishing the Madrasa Boardand creating the Uttarakhand Minority Education Authority. CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS Article 29(1): Right of any section of citizens to conserve their language, script, or culture. Article 29(2): Prohibits discrimination in admission to state-aided educational institutions. Article 30(1): Minorities (religious or linguistic) have right to establish and administer institutions of their choice. Article 30(2): State cannot discriminate in granting aid to minority-managed institutions.Read More

Current Context : The Jan Vishwas (Amendment of Provisions) Bill, 2025 was introduced in the Lok Sabha to ease laws and decriminalise minor offences. It has been referred to a Select Committee for detailed scrutiny. BACKGROUND Builds upon Jan Vishwas Act, 2023 which decriminalised 183 provisions in 42 Acts. Part of the Government’s vision of “Minimum Government, Maximum Governance”. KEY PROVISIONS 355 provisions amended across 16 Central Acts. 288 minor offences decriminalised – imprisonment replaced with fines/warnings. 76 offences: only advisory/warning for first-time violations. Monetary fines to increase 10% every three years. Laws covered: Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, New Delhi....Read More

Current Context : Union Home Minister Amit Shah introduced the Constitution (One Hundred and Thirtieth Amendment) Bill, 2025 in Lok Sabha. The Bill proposes automatic removal of the Prime Minister, Chief Ministers, and other ministers if detained for 30 consecutive days on serious criminal charges (carrying a minimum sentence of five years). ABOUT THE 130TH AMENDMENT BILL Articles Amended: Article 75 (Union Council of Ministers): New clause 5A for removal of detained ministers and Prime Minister. Article 164 (State Council of Ministers): New clause 4A for Chief Ministers and state ministers. Article 239AA (Delhi): Parallel provisions for Delhi’s CM and....Read More

Current Context : Lok Sabha passed the Promotion and Regulation of Online Gaming Bill, 2025 to promote e-sports and ban harmful money games. ABOUT ONLINE GAMING BILL 2025 Purpose: To regulate India’s fast-growing online gaming sector. Three Categories of Games: E-sports: Skill-based, professional gaming (promoted). Online Social Games: Recreational, no money involved (promoted). Online Money Games: Betting/gambling games (banned). Regulation: Establishes an Online Gaming Authority for oversight and policy. Provides developer support and gaming infrastructure. Ban on Money Games: Bans games like Rummy, Poker, and other stake-based apps. Reason: Associated with fraud, addiction, financial distress, suicides. Penalties: First offence: 3....Read More

Current Context : Opposition parties are considering moving a motion for the removal of the Chief Election Commissioner (CEC). ABOUT REMOVAL OF CEC Constitutional Provision: Article 324(5) of the Indian Constitution. Grounds & Manner: CEC can be removed in the same manner and on the same grounds as a Judge of the Supreme Court (Article 124(4)). Process of Removal: A motion alleging misbehaviour or incapacity is introduced in either House of Parliament. Once admitted, a committee of inquiry examines the validity of charges. Motion must be passed by a two-thirds majority of members present and voting in both Houses of....Read More

Current Context : The Lok Sabha passed two bills aiming to simplify and modernise India’s income tax framework. ABOUT INCOME-TAX BILL, 2025 Purpose: Replace the complex 1961 Act with simplified provisions. Key Features: Broadened deductions (family pension, gratuity). Separate Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) and Alternate Minimum Tax (AMT)s AMT exemption for LLPs with only capital gains income and no deductions claimed. Electronic payment mandate for professionals with receipts above ₹50 crore. Updated definitions for capital asset, micro and small enterprises, beneficial owner. ABOUT TAXATION LAWS (AMENDMENT) BILL, 2025 Purpose: Amend Income-tax Act, 1961 and Finance Act, 2025. Reforms: Unified Pension....Read More

Current Context: The Union Cabinet approved four new components under SDPs for Assam and Tripura.  ABOUT SDPs Type: Central Sector Scheme. Purpose: Improve socio-economic conditions of vulnerable and marginalised groups. Focus on Adivasi, Dimasa, ULFA areas in Assam and tribal communities in Tripura. Boost jobs, healthcare, education, skills, and women/youth livelihoods. Promote tourism for additional employment. Background : Builds on MoS-based packages for Bodo and Karbi groups that have enhanced peace-building in the Northeast.Read More

Current Context : The Lok Sabha passed a bill to provide Scheduled Tribe (ST) reservation in the Goa Legislative Assembly, ensuring political representation for tribal communities in the state. ABOUT RESERVATION OF SEATS FOR SCs/STs Constitutional Basis: Article 332 of the Constitution provides for seat reservation for Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) in the legislative assemblies of all Indian states. Special Provision for Assam: Separate provision for autonomous districts of Assam STs in these areas get dedicated representation Proportional Representation Principle: Number of reserved seats must reflect population proportion of SC/ST communities in the state Significance for Goa:....Read More

Current Context : The Speaker of Lok Sabha has nominated a Member of Parliament to the Panel of Chairpersons to help conduct House proceedings in the absence of the Speaker and Deputy Speaker. ABOUT PANEL OF CHAIRPERSONS Provision: As per Rule 9 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha Key Points: The Speaker can nominate up to 10 MPs to the panel at the beginning of each session or as needed These MPs can preside over Lok Sabha proceedings in the absence of the Speaker or Deputy Speaker They serve until a new panel is....Read More

Current Context: President’s Rule in Manipur has been extended for another six months starting 13 August 2025, through a Rajya Sabha resolution introduced by Home Minister Amit Shah. ABOUT PRESIDENT’S RULE (Part XVIII: Emergency Provisions) Constitutional Basis: Article 356 – Invoked when state constitutional machinery breaks down, often based on Governor’s report. Article 365 – Applicable if the state defies Union directions. Duration: Initially up to 6 months; can be extended up to 3 years with Parliament’s approval every 6 months. Manipur Context: Imposed from 13 February 2025 after CM Biren Singh resigned amid ethnic violence. Extended again effective 13....Read More