Context: The Ladakh administration has justified the detention of climate activist Sonam Wangchuk under the National Security Act (NSA). National Security Act (NSA) of 1980  It allows preventive detention to protect national security, public order, and essential services. It is a powerful tool that limits individual liberty and must be exercised sparingly and lawfully, ensuring due process and rights protection. Key features:  Grounds for Detention: NSA can be invoked if a person’s actions threaten national defense, foreign relations, state security, communal harmony, or involve smuggling/disruption of essential services. Procedure: Detention orders can be issued by the Central or State Government based....Read More

Current Context: The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) has launched a dedicated licensing and registration portal for Ayurveda Aahara products on the FoSCoS system in partnership with the Ministry of Ayush. ABOUT Ayurveda Aahara Meaning: It refers to traditional Ayurvedic food products formulated as per ancient texts and principles. Purpose: These foods are designed for personalized nutrition (based on prakriti) and may support prescribed Ayurvedic treatments. Regulation: Companies can apply for licenses only if they use approved formulations and follow food safety norms. New Regulation Features It includes a new Kind of Business (KoB) classification on FoSCoS....Read More

General Studies Paper 2 In News The Government of India has launched the ‘National Initiative on Water Security,’ making water conservation a top national priority and introducing mandatory minimum spending on water-related works under MGNREGA. Key Features of the Initiative Fund Allocation Mandates: ‘Over-exploited’/‘Dark zone’ blocks: 65% of MGNREGA funds must be spent on water-related works (rainwater harvesting, groundwater recharge). ‘Semi-critical’ blocks: 40% of funds for water conservation. All other blocks: 30% minimum for such activities. Budgetary Focus: Out of the ₹88,000 crore annual MGNREGA budget (2025–26), a fixed share is now earmarked for water security. Groundwater Assessment Basis: Fund....Read More

Current Context : The DRAVYA Portal (Digitized Retrieval Application for Versatile Yardstick of AYUSH Substances) was launched on National Ayurveda Day 2025. ABOUT DRAVYA PORTAL Ministry : Ministry of Ayush. Features Largest collection of Ayurvedic ingredients and products. Covers classical Ayurvedic texts, scientific research, and field studies. Designed as an ever-growing and evolving database.Read More

Current Context : The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) has officially announced the launch of the Bima Sugam portal. ABOUT BIMA SUGAM PORTAL Purpose: Unified digital marketplace for all insurance services Backed by: Life Insurance Council and General Insurance Council Coverage: Life insurance (term, savings, annuity, pension, ULIP) and health insurance products KEY FEATURES Buy, sell, renew, manage, and claim insurance policies on a single platform Centralised database for insurance-related queries Enables quick acceptance of new and sandbox insurance products Uses advanced digital technologies to automate and digitise processes Brings insurers, intermediaries, and customers onto one platformRead More

Current Context : The Ministry of Civil Aviation has released the Draft Civil Drone (Promotion and Regulation) Bill, 2025 for public consultation and invited feedback from stakeholders and citizens. ABOUT THE BILL Nodal Ministry: Ministry of Civil Aviation Coverage: Applies to ownership, operation, design, manufacture, import, export, leasing, training, and maintenance of drones (Unmanned Aircraft Systems—UAS) Excludes: UAS used by armed forces or weighing over 500 kg (regulated under Bharatiya Vayuyan Adhiniyam, 2024) KEY PROVISIONS DGCA as Regulator: Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) will remain the primary regulatory authority Mandatory registration and Unique Identification Number (UIN) for every drone....Read More

Current Context : Union Textiles Minister Giriraj Singh launched the Kapas Kisan App. Aim: To streamline cotton procurement under Minimum Support Price (MSP) and protect farmers from distress sales.  About the App Self-Registration → Farmers register using Aadhaar-linked mobile numbers. Slot Booking → Farmers can book delivery slots to avoid long queues. Payment Tracking → Real-time monitoring of payment status. Language Accessibility → Multiple Indian languages for inclusivity. Design → Simple, farmer-centric interface.  Significance Ensures transparent and timely MSP procurement. Reduces dependence on middlemen. Supports the Cotton Corporation of India (CCI) in digitized records and logistics. Aligns with Digital India....Read More

Current Context: 10 States along with the National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission recorded a disposal rate of over 100 percent on the E-Jagriti platform in July 2025. ABOUT E-JAGRITI PLATFORM Launched on: 1 January 2025 Ministry: Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food, and Public Distribution Purpose: To provide a unified, tech-enabled avenue for uploading, tracking, and managing consumer grievances across multiple adjudicatory bodies. Objective: Computerization and networking of all Consumer Commissions at national, state, and district levels for transparency, efficiency, and speedy resolution of consumer disputes. Functions: Online filing of complaints Tracking of case status Accessing judgments Imp. fact : Disposal....Read More

Current Context: The Ministry of Education has launched free Artificial Intelligence (AI) courses on the SWAYAM Portal to equip students with skills in emerging technologies and meet the growing demand for AI expertise. ABOUT SWAYAM PORTAL Full Form: Study Webs of Active–Learning for Young Aspiring Minds Launched By: Ministry of Education (2017) Purpose: To bridge the digital divide and provide quality online education free of cost Nature: India’s own MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses) platform Courses Offered: From Class 9 to Post-Graduation level across Engineering, Science, Humanities, Management, Commerce, Language, and more FEATURES Four-Quadrant Model: Video Lectures Downloadable Reading Material....Read More

Current Context : The Chhattisgarh High Court acquitted an individual accused of double murder on the grounds of legal insanity, highlighting mental state as a valid legal defence. ABOUT LEGAL INSANITY Definition: A mental condition that disables a person from understanding the nature or consequences of a criminal act. Basis: If the person cannot distinguish right from wrong at the time of the crime, they may not be held criminally liable. Key Features It is a legal concept, not a medical Requires evidence like psychiatric evaluations, medical records, and behavioural patterns. Burden of proof lies on the accused. Types Emotional....Read More