Revision Series | Science and Tech| Nervous system and hormones | 60

July 4, 2023

Which of the following is NOT the component of the PNS?

(A) Elastic connective tissue
(B) Cranial nerves
(C) Spinal nerves
(D) Ganglia

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ANSWER : A

Peripheral nervous tissue consists of all nervous tissue outside the central nervous system. The main components of PNS are spinal nerves and their branches, cranial nerves and their branches, sensory receptors, and ganglia.

Which of the following cells supports, nourishes, and protect the neurons?

(A) Nissl bodies
(B) Perikaryon
(C) Ganglia
(D) Glial cells

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ANSWER : D

Glial cells (glia = glue)are also called neuroglia, these cells support, nourishes, and protect the neurons while ganglia are the cluster of cell bodies which found in the PNS.

What are Nissl bodies?

(A) Golgi bodies
(B) Lysosomes
(C) Cluster of rough endoplasmic reticulum
(D) Mitochondria

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ANSWER : C

Neurons are made up of three parts, i.e., cell body, dendrites, and axon. The cell body consists of ribosomes and a cluster of endoplasmic reticulum, which is known as Nissl bodies.

Name the multipolar neuron which is located entirely within the central nervous system.

(A) Motor neuron
(B) Efferent neuron
(C) Afferent neuron
(D) Interneuron

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ANSWER : D

Interneurons are the multipolar neurons, which are found within the CNS. Motor neurons are also known as efferent neurons, they transfer signals from the CNS to effector organs.

Out of the following, which one does not affect the speed of conduction of nerve impulse.

(A) No. of ganglia
(B) Myelin sheath
(C) Axon diameter
(D) Temperature

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ANSWER : A

The speed of conduction of nerve impulse depends upon three factors, i.e., myelin sheath, temperature, and axon diameter. Higher the temperature higher would be the speed and also larger the diameter higher the speed.

Autonomic nervous system affects ______

(A) Reflex actions
(B) Sensory organs
(C) Visceral organs
(D) None of the mentioned

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ANSWER : C

Autonomic nervous system is a control system that acts largely unconsciously and regulates bodily function. It affects Visceral organs.

Which of the following ganglia is not a collateral ganglion?

(A) Celiac
(B) Superior mesenteric
(C) Inferior mesenteric
(D) Cervical

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ANSWER : D

Cervical ganglia is a paravertebral ganglia. It has three paravertebral ganglia. Collateral ganglion is ganglia which lie between paravertebral ganglia and target organ.

The brain area that most directly controls the activity of the autonomic nervous system is the __________

(A) Pituitary gland
(B) Medulla oblongata
(C) Cerebellum
(D) Hypothalamus

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ANSWER : B

Which of the following is released by Parasympathetic nervous system?

(A) Serotonin
(B) Acetylcholine
(C) Epinephrine
(D) Nor epinephrine

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ANSWER : B

Acetylcholine is released by Parasympathetic nervous system. Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter. It is released by nerve cells.

Which of the following is true about parasympathetic neurons?

(A) The nerve fibers are contained in spinal nerves
(B) The synapse in terminal ganglia either next to or within the organs innervated
(C) They originate in thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord
(D) Postganglionic fibers are usually longer than those of sympathetic neurons

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ANSWER : B

Ganglions is a structure containing a number of nerve cell bodies typically linked by synapse and often forming a swelling on a nerve fiber.

Secretion of many anterior pituitary hormones are controlled by other hormones from _________

(A) Pancreatic lobes
(B) Adrenal gland
(C) Hypothalamus
(D) Thyroid gland

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ANSWER : C

If hypothalamus fails to secrete GnRH the effect would be

(A) Hypersecretion of oxytocin
(B) Hypersecretion of prolactin
(C) Hypersecretion of pituitary gonadotropins
(D) Hyposecretion of pituitary gonadotropins

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ANSWER : D

GnRH is gonadotropin releasing hormone. They are released in gonads. If hypothalamus fails to secrete GnRH the effect would be Hyposecretion of pituitary gonadotropins.

Thymus, spleen, tonsils and adenoids produces _________

(A) Phagocytes
(B) Lymphocytes
(C) Erythrocytes
(D) Rhombocytes

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ANSWER : B

Lymphocytes are type of white blood cells. They work to fight illness and disease. There are two types of Lymphocytes and they are B Lymphocytes and T Lymphocytes.

Which of the following is not an effect of pineal body secretion?

(A) Inhibition of GnRH
(B) Inhibition of reproductive functions
(C) Help regulation of sleep cycle
(D) Stimulation of appetite

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ANSWER : D

Which of the following is not an endocrine gland?

(A) Pituitary gland
(B) Pineal gland
(C) Sebaceous gland
(D) Adrenal gland

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ANSWER : C

Sebaceous gland is a small gland that secretes a lubricating oily matter into hair follicles to lubricate skin and hair. Sebaceous gland is not an endocrine gland.