Indian History Quiz: Day 71

Answer:- a

Brahmo Samaj

• Its primary goal was to worship the eternal God.
• It was opposed to the priesthood, ceremonies, and sacrifices.
• It centered on prayers, meditation, and scripture reading. It was a firm believer in the oneness of all religions.
• It was contemporary India’s first intellectual reform movement.
• It resulted in the rise of rationality and enlightenment in India, which aided the nationalist cause indirectly.
• It was the progenitor of all contemporary India’s social, religious, and political movements.
• In 1866, it separated into two organizations: the Brahmo Samaj of India, led by Keshub Chandra Sen, and the Adi Brahmo Samaj, led by Debendranath Tagore.

Answer:- d

Prarthana Samaj

• Keshab Chandra Sen assisted Atmaram Pandurang in establishing the Prarthana Samaj in Bombay in 1867.
• The Paramahansa Sabha, a kind of secret club that promoted liberal ideals and encouraged the dissolution of caste and communal boundaries, was a forerunner of the Prarthana Samaj.
• The samaj’s strategy was based on teaching and persuasion rather than conflict with Hindu orthodoxy.
• Along with Ranade, Dhondo Keshav Karve and Vishnu Shastri were social reformers.

Answer:-D

Arya samaj

Arya Samaj was established in Bombay  on 10 April 1875 by Dayananda Saraswati

(born Mool Shankar Tiwari)

• The Arya Samaj focused on the mission of modernizing Hinduism in western and northern India.
• Swami Dayanand thought that greedy and stupid priests had distorted Hinduism with the help of the Puranas, which he said contained erroneous doctrines.
• Swami Dayanand sought inspiration from the Vedas, which he believed infallible as the divine word of God and the font of all knowledge.
• Some of Swami Dayanand’s disciples eventually established a network of schools and universities around the country to provide western-style education.
• Lala Hansraj was a driving force behind this endeavor.

Answer:- D

Ahmadiyya Movement

The Ahmadiyya movement was founded in 1889

• The Ahmadiyya are a Muslim group that emerged in India.
• It referred to itself as the standard-bearer of the Mohammedan Renaissance.
• Like the Brahmo Samaj, it was founded on the ideas of universal religion for all humanity, rejecting jihad (holy war against non-Muslims).
• The initiative provided Indian Muslims with Western liberal education.
• The Ahmadiyya community is the only Islamic group that believes the Messiah, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, came to end religious strife and bloodshed and to restore morality, peace, and justice.

Answer:- D

• Syed Ahmad Khan –Syed Ahmed Khan, born into a respectable Muslim family, was a loyalist member of the British government’s judicial service.
• After retiring in 1876, he was appointed to the Imperial Legislative Council in 1878. In 1888, he was knighted for his devotion.
• He sought to reconcile Western scientific education with Quranic teachings, which were to be interpreted in light of contemporary rationalism and science, despite his belief that the Quran was the ultimate authority.
• He advocated for a critical approach and freedom of thought, rather than total reliance on tradition or custom.
• As an official, he opened schools in towns, had books translated into Urdu, and founded the Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College(later, the Aligarh Muslim University) in Aligarh in 1875.

Answer:- D

AKALI MOVEMENT

• The Akali Movement (also known as the Gurdwara Reform Movement) sprang out of the Singh Sabha Movement.
• Its goal was to free the Sikh gurudwaras from the grip of corrupt Udasi mahants (the position had become hereditary).
• These mahants were a faithful and conservative bunch who benefited from official favor.
• It passed the Sikh Gurdwaras Act in 1922 (amended in 1925), which gave the Sikh masses control of gurudwaras to be administered through the Shiromani Gurudwara Prabandhak Committee (SGPC) as the apex body.

Answer:-C

Singh Sabha

ESTB. BY Thakur Singh Sandhawalia and Giani Gian Singh

• The Sabha’s goals were to restore Sikhism to its original purity, to print historical religious literature and magazines, spread information, to sing Punjabi, to return Sikh apostles to their religion, and enlist Englishmen in the Sikh educational program.
• Later, the Amritsar Singh Sabha was imitated by a newer, more democratic institution, the Lahore Singh Sabha.
• After a time, the Singh Sabhas were swamped by other organizations like Khalsa Diwani and, in 1920, a fight for control over Sikh places of worship.

Answer:- c

 Nirankari Movement

Estb by Baba Dayal das

• The Nirankaris emphasized appropriate religious practice, producing hukamnamas to clarify what was acceptable and establishing a network of worship centers staffed by their own priests.
• They did not clash or fight the British but grew as a result of British control in Punjab, which liberated them from the restraints of the Sikh government.
• As a result, the Nirankaris became a permanent subgroup of the Sikh faith, assisting in the clarification of the lines that separate Sikhs from Hindus.

Answer:-d

• Explanation: Madam Cama (Bhikaiji Rustom Cama) was one of the prominent figures in the Indian independence.
• She is considered as the ‘Grandmother of Indian Revolutionary Movement’, attended the International Socialist Conference held in Germany in 1907, as the Indian  representative and unfurled the National Flag of India, urged all the freedom loving nations to overthrow the foreign yoke.

Answer: C

• Explanation:Anushilan Samiti was a Bengali Indian organisation that existed in the first quarter of the twentieth century, and propounded revolutionary violence as the means for ending British rule in India.
• It was founded by Satish Chandra Basu. By 1902, Calcutta had three societies working under the umbrella of Anushilan Samity.
• One was founded by Calcutta student Satish Chandra Basu with the patronage of Calcutta barrister Pramatha Mitra, another was led by Bengali woman Sarala Devi and the third was founded by Jatindranath Bannerjee and Aurobindo Ghosh.

Answer: D

Explanation:

• Gadar is a Urdu word which means “revolt” or “rebellion “.
• The Gadar party was founded in 1913 and it’s headquarter was in San Francisco. Lala Hardayal, Sohan Singh Bhakkna, and Taraknath Das were the founders of this party.
• Hence, D is the correct option.

Answer: A

• Explanation:
• In London, Madanlal Dhingra killed Curzon Wyllie, the political aide at the Indian office on 1st July 1909, as a mark of protest against the inhuman punishments inflicted on Indian revolutionaries and created a stir in England.
• Hence, A is the correct option.

Answer: D

• Explanation: A raid on the police armoury at Chittagong took place on the 18th April, 1930. Sixty revolutionaries, headed by the Surya Sen conducted the raid. They announced that a Provisional Revolutionary Government had been formed.
• Three years later Surya Sen was captured and hanged, his companion were awarded life imprisonment. Hence, D is the correct option.

Answer: B

• Explanation: The Chapekar Brothers, Damodar, Vasudev and Balkrishan established the Hindu Dharma Sanrakshini Sabha in 1894. Hence, B is the correct option.

Answer: B