ANSWER: B

ANSWER: C

ANSWER: D

ANSWER: A    

ANSWER: B

• Turkish Defence ministry has stated that Ankara intends to continue to faithfully comply with the Montreux Convention on the Non-Admission of warships of Non-Black Sea countries to the Black Sea through the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles.

 ABOUT MONTREUX CONVENTION

• The Montreux Convention Regarding the Regime of the Straits or simply known as the Montreux Convention is an international agreement that governs the use of the Bosphorus and Dardanelles straits in Turkey.
• The international agreementwas signed by Australia, Bulgaria, France, Greece, Japan, Romania, Yugoslavia, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and Turkey and has been in effect since November 1936.
• According to it, Turkey has control over the Turkish Straits.
• In the event of a war, the pact gives Turkey the right to regulate the transit of naval warships and to block the straits to warships belonging to the countries involved in the conflict.
• Merchant vessels enjoy freedom of passage through the Turkish Straits , while passages of vessels of war are subject to some restrictions that vary depending on whether these vessels belong to the Black Sea littoral States or not.
• The Bosporus and Dardanelles straits, also known as the Turkish Straits or the Black Sea Straits, connect the Aegean Sea and the Black Sea via the Sea of Marmara.

It is the only passage through which the Black Sea ports can access the Mediterranean and beyond.

ANSWER: B

• The Kasturi Cotton Bharat website, a digital platform for necessary information and updates on the initiative was launched recently.
• The website highlights the registration process for ginners to produce the Kasturi Cotton Bharat brand and its processes that make the branded Indian cotton unique.
• The Kasturi Cotton Bharat is a joint initiative by the ministry of textiles, the Cotton Corporation of India (CCI), and trade and industry bodies to work on the principle of self-regulation by owning complete responsibility of branding, traceability, and certification of Indian cotton to enhance its competitiveness in the global market and create a sustainable ecosystem for all stakeholders involved.
• On the eve of World Cotton Day on October 7, the ministry of textiles introduced the ‘Kasturi Cotton Bharat’ brand of cotton by which Indian cotton has been endowed with a brand and a logo that represents whiteness, softness, purity, lustre, and Indianness.
  • It is the first ever Brand & Logo for Indian Cotton.

ANSWER: A

• A new Laboratory of Advance Synthesis and Characterisation (LASC) at Gujarat is developing LASC probe stations for universities in India and abroad for investigation of opto-electronic properties in a wide range of materials, including semiconductors, thin films, LEDs, and solar cells.
• The heart of the probe station consists of three elements which mark it differ than the available and imported similar systems. These include-
  • Peltier Elements— a solid-state device capable of transferring heat when subjected to an electrical current;
  • zero welding helping it attain high vacuum level and
  • a system that offers superior control over opto-electronic functions.
• The systems are user-friendly, equipped with tungsten tips, which provide exceptionally low resistance for high-temperature measurements.

ABOUT OPTOELECTRONICS

• Optoelectronics is the study and application of electronic devices and systems that source, detect and control light, usually considered a sub-field of photonics.
• It is largely based on semiconductor materials.
  • These exhibit suitable bandgap energies for absorbing near-infrared and visible light, and their electric conductivity (albeit not perfect) is also essential for such applications.
• Examples- Telecommunication laser, Optical fibre, Blue laser, LED traffic lights, Photodiodes

ANSWER: D

• On October 24, United Nations Day marks the anniversary of the entry into force in 1945 of the UN Charter.
• With the ratification of this founding document by the majority of its signatories, including the five permanent members of the Security Council, the United Nations officially came into being.
• In 1971, the United Nations took a significant step by adopting Resolution 2782, designating United Nations Day as an international observance.

ANSWER: B

• A species of butterfly that is rare in the western Himalayas, the paintbrush swift butterfly has been photographed and documented for the first time in Himachal Pradesh’s Chamba district.
• The State supports around 430 butterfly species or about 25% of the total number of butterfly species found in India.
• The paintbrush swift (Baoris farri), a butterfly species of the Hesperiidae family, was sighted and photographed in the second week of October.
• It was first described by lepidopterist Frederic Moore, more than 145 years ago, from the eastern Himalayas.
• Paintbrush swift’s habitat distribution is common in northeast, central and south India, and rare in Uttarakhand.