Daily Current Affairs Quiz: August 26, 2022

ANSWER: A

• Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs has approved the proposal for amendment of policy of exemption for Wheat Flour from export ban.
• The approval will now allow to put a restriction on the export of Wheat Flour which will ensure a curb on rising prices of wheat flour and ensure food security of the most vulnerable sections of the society.
• Russia and Ukraine are the major exporters of wheat accounting for around 1/4th of the global wheat trade.
• The conflict between them led to the global wheat supply chain disruptions increasing demand of Indian wheat.
• As a result, the price of wheat in domestic market showed an increase. In order to ensure food security of 1.4 billion people of the country, decision was taken to put a prohibition on export of wheat in May this year.
• However, due to prohibition on export of wheat, the demand for wheat flour has increased in foreign markets.
• Its exports from India have registered a growth of 200 percent during April to July this year compared to the corresponding period last year. The increased demand for wheat flour in international market led to significant price rise of wheat flour in the domestic market.

ANSWER: C

• The third India-Mauritius Joint Committee Meeting on Small and Medium Enterprise Cooperation was held in New The Indian side was led by Minister for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, Narayan Rane.
• In the meeting, both sides reviewed the present engagement between India and Mauritius in the field of MSMEs.
• They held discussion on potential areas of cooperation in various areas including exchange of best practices and experiences in development of MSME sector and holding of physical and virtual exhibitions.
• During the Mauritius delegation’s visit, two Memoranda of Understanding on cooperation have also been signed.

ANSWER: D

• Annual installation of new wind power projects in India will peak by 2024 and likely decline thereafter, according to a report released by the Global Wind Energy Council (GWEC) and MEC+, a consulting firm that specialises in renewable energy.

About:

• As part of its transition away from fossil fuels, India has committed to sourcing half its electricity in 2030 from non-fossil fuel sources and installing 60 gigawatt (GW, or 1000 MW) of wind power by 2022.
• So far, only 40 GW of wind power capacity has been established.
• Wind industry installations have been slowing down in India since 2017. Only 1.45 GW of wind projects were installed in 2021 with many delayed due to the second wave of COVID-19 and supply chain-related disruptions.
• To compensate, the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) granted a blanket timeline extension for seven-and-a-half months after the scheduled commissioning date (SCD) for projects with power purchase agreements (PPAs) signed before June 2021, which pushed the SCD of 0.7 GW projects to 2022.

ANSWER: A

• The Anang Tal Lake in South Delhi has been declared a monument of national importance through a gazette notification by the Ministry of Culture.
• The Anang Tal lake in South Delhi, believed to have been built a thousand years ago, has been declared a monument of national importance through a gazette notification by the Ministry of Culture.
• According to former National Monuments Authority chairman Tarun Vijay that the national monument stature for Anang Tal is like the re-coronation of Anang Pal Singh Tomar in Delhi.
• As per the National Mission on Monuments and Antiquities: Anang Tal is situated “to the north of Jog Maya temple and approximately 500 metres to the northwest of Qutub Complex”, and dates back to 1,060 AD.
• Tradition ascribes this tank to a Tomar King, Anangpal II, the builder of Lal Kot. It is said to have been a place of a general resort but now it is dried up and used for cultivation.

About                  

National Monuments Authority (NMA)

• Established under the Ministry of Culture in accordance with the requirements of the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains AMASR (Amendment and Validation) Act, 2010.
• The NMA has been delegated specific tasks for the conservation and preservation of monuments and sites, including control of the banned and restricted areas surrounding centrally designated monuments.

Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) 

• It is a premier organisation under the Ministry of Culture, for the archaeological research and protection of the cultural heritage of the nation.
• It regulates all archaeological activities in the country as per the provisions of the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958.
• It also regulates the Antiquities and Art Treasure Act, 1972.

ANSWER: C

• Researchers at IIT Guwahati have created a fermentation process that uses ultrasound to safely generate Xylitol from sugarcane bagasse, the byproduct of crushing sugar cane.
• This approach gets over the operational constraints of chemical synthesis and the time lags of traditional fermentation.
• The use of ultrasound during the fermentation process not only reduced the time of fermentation to 15 hours, but also increased the yield of the product by almost 20%.

Xylitol: Requirement for Safe Sweetners

• There has been an increase in the use of safe alternative sweeteners as awareness of the negative effects of white sugar (sucrose) on individuals with diabetes and general health has grown.
• A sugar alcohol generated from plants called xylitol may have anti-obesogenic and anti-diabetic properties in addition to being a mild prebiotic and guarding teeth against caries.

Xylitol: Research Team

• The research team includes Dr. Belachew Zegale Tizazu and Dr. Kuldeep Roy, who co-authored the research articles, and was headed by Professor VS Moholkar of the Department of Chemical Engineering at IIT Guwahati.
• Two peer-reviewed publications, Bioresource Technology and Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, both published this research.
• Advantages of this new procedure: The use of ultrasound during the fermentation process not only reduced the time of fermentation to 15 hours (as opposed to almost 48 hours in conventional processes), but also increased the yield of the product by almost 20%, according to Professor VS Moholkar, Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Guwahati.

ANSWER: C

• Former German chancellor Angela Merkel has been awarded the UNESCO Peace Prize 2022  for “her efforts to welcome refugees”.
• In the summer of 2015, as refugees were streaming into Europe, Merkel opened her country’s borders and famously declared to Germans “Wir schaffen das”, “We can do this.”
• She eventually pulled back on her pro-immigration stance as support eroded among the public and within her own conservative party.
• All the members of the jury were touched by her courageous decision in 2015 to welcome more than 1.2 million refugees, notably from Syria, Iraq, Afghanistan and Eritrea.

About the UNESCO Peace Prize:

• The honour, which is officially called Felix Houphouet-Boigny-UNESCO Peace Prize, is named after the former president of Ivory Coast.
• It has been awarded each year since 1989 to individuals, organisations or institutions that have made a special effort to promote, research or secure peace. It is awarded annually.
• The prize includes a cheque of USD 150,000, a gold medal and a peace diploma. If there are multiple recipients, the cheque is shared equally.

ANSWER: A

• Distinguished scientist Samir V Kamat was appointed as Secretary of the Department of Defence Research and Development and Chairman of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), according to a Personnel Ministry order.
• Kamat, who is Director General, Naval Systems & Materials, at the DRDO will succeed G Satheesh Reddy who has been named as scientific adviser to Defence Minister Rajnath Singh.

About

• Dr Samir V. Kamat, a distinguished scientist, has on 1 July 2017 assumed charge as Director General Naval Systems & Materials (NS & M) at DRDO.
• He obtained Tech. (Hons) in Metallurgical Engineering from in 1985 IIT Kharagpur and in 1988 he completed his PhD in Materials Science and Engineering from The Ohio State University, USA, specialising in the area of mechanical behaviour of materials.
• In 1989, he joined DRDO at DMRL, Hyderabad, as Scientist ‘C’ and elevated to the position of OS/Sc ‘H’ in October 2013. Later, he took over as the Director of the lab on 17 August, 2015.
• In 1986, Dr Kamat received the Indranil Medal by the Mining, Geological and Metallurgical Institute of India, in 1998 he got DRDO Young Scientist Award; Binani Gold Medal (jointly) of the Indian Institute of Metals in 2006; the National Metallurgists’ Day Metallurgist of the Year Award by the Ministry of Steel in 2008; the National Science Day Oration Silicon Medal in 2009, the DRDO Scientist of the Year award in 2012, and IIT Kharagpur Distinguished Alumni Award 2018.

What is the DRDO?

• The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) is the premier agency under the Department of Defence Research and Development in Ministry of Defence of the Government of India, charged with the military’s research and development, headquartered in Delhi, India.
• It was formed in 1958 by the merger of the Technical Development Establishment and the Directorate of Technical Development and Production of the Indian Ordnance Factories with the Defence Science Organisation.
• Subsequently, Defence Research & Development Service (DRDS) was constituted in 1979 as a service of Group ‘A’ Officers / Scientists directly under the administrative control of Ministry of Defence.
• With a network of 52 laboratories, which are engaged in developing defence technologies, covering various fields, like aeronautics, armaments, electronics, land combat engineering, life sciences, materials, missiles, and naval systems, DRDO is India’s largest and most diverse research organisation.
• The organisation includes around 5,000 scientists belonging to the DRDS and about 25,000 other subordinate scientific, technical and supporting personnel.
• As part of Make in India and Atmanirbhar Bharat initiative, DRDO under Development cum Production Partner programme (DCPP) allowed handholding of domestic private sector industries to improve their development and production cycle of complex defence systems.
• VL-SRSAM (Vertical Launch – Short Range Surface to Air Missile) and Advanced Towed Artillery Gun System (ATAGS) became some of the successful projects of this programme.

ANSWER: A

• The world’s first fleet of hydrogen-powered passenger trains was launched by Germany. The first fleet of hydrogen-powered passenger trains has replaced 15 diesel trains that were previously operated on nonelectrified tracks in Lower Saxony, Germany. The engine of the trains is powered by electricity generated using hydrogen fuel cells.
• The use of hydrogen is a clean alternative to fossil fuels as per the German government’s announcement. The state governor Stephan Weil said that Lower Saxony has invested a total of 93 million euros for the first fleet of hydrogen-powered passenger train projects. This invitation is an excellent example and effort to make the economy of Germany greener.

Key points:

• Alstom is a French company that manufactures trains, and these trains are operated by regional rail company LNVG on routes between the Northern towns of Cuxhaven, Bremerhaven, Bremervoerda, and Buxtehude.
• These trains have ranges up to 1000 kilometers and a maximum speed of 140 kph. After the introduction of the first fleet of hydrogen-powered passenger trains, the hydrogen produced with renewable energy the trains will save up to 6 liters of diesel in a year.
• For now, hydrogen is produced as a byproduct of chemical processes, however, the German Specialty Gas Company Linde, plans to manufacture hydrogen using only renewable energy in the coming years.

ANSWER: C

• Illegal mining that continues unabated in the Binwa rivulet at Baijnath in Himachal’s Kangra has endangered another railway bridge on the heritage Pathankot-Jogindernagar track, besides posing threat to an adjoining highway bridge and the famous 13th century Shiva temple in the town.
• Despite tall claims by the local administration and the Mining Department, a large number of mules can be seen carrying extracted sand and gravel from the rivulet’s banks.
• The illegally mined material was transported on mules to certain points from where it was shifted to vehicles by the mining mafia for further sale, said Ghanshyam Awasthi, an environmental activist.
• Awasthi said several sand and gravel dumps could be seen on the Pathankot-Mandi highway.
• Deep trenches dug by the mining mafia on the riverbed had weakened the retaining walls of the temple as well as the pillars of the two bridges.
• A colonial-era bridge on the Pathankot-Jogindernagar rail track over the Chakki rivulet in Kangra’s Nurpur was washed away following heavy rain recently, an incident attributed by green activists to illegal mining.
• According to the state government’s policy, mining cannot be carried out within 100 metres of a bridge.
• Sources said in view of the temple, a complete ban had been imposed on mining in the Binwa. The mining mafia, however, is engaged in the illegal activity right next to the foundation of the bridges and the temple’s retaining wall.

About the famous 13th century Shiva temple in the town.

• The Baijnath temple is a highly popular temple as it houses one of the 12 holy jyotirlingas of Lord Shiva in the country and devotees from across the country throng the temple to offer prayers to the lord.
• The temple, constructed in 1204 AD by Lord Shiva devotees and local merchants Ahuka and Manyuka, is believed to have medicinal powers as the water emerging from the temple is believed to heal people from their illnesses.
• The Baijnath temple is constructed in the Nagara style of architecture.

ANSWER: D

• The SJVN has been conferred with the Greentech Award in recognition of its environment protection measures adopted in projects under construction stage, said SJVN chairman Nand Lal Sharma.

About

• SJVN Limited, a Mini Ratna, Category-I and Schedule –‘A’ CPSE under administrative control of Ministry of Power, Govt. of India, was incorporated on May 24, 1988 as a joint venture of the Government of India (GOI) and the Government of Himachal Pradesh (GOHP).
• SJVN is now a listed Company having shareholders pattern of 59.92 % with Govt. of India, 26.85% with Govt. of Himachal Pradesh and rest of 13.23 % with Public. The present paid up capital and authorized capital of SJVN is Rs. 3,929.80 Crore and Rs. 7,000 Crore respectively.
• The Net Worth as on 31.03.2022 is Rs.13128.61 Crore.
• Beginning with a single project and single State operation (i.e. India’s largest 1500 MW Nathpa Jhakri Hydro Power Station in Himachal Pradesh), the Company has commissioned seven projects totaling 2016.5 MW of installed capacity and 86 km 400 KV Transmission Line.
• SJVN is presently implementing or operating power projects in Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Bihar, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Gujarat and Arunachal Pradesh in India besides neighbouring countries of Nepal and Bhutan.