Daily Current Affairs Quiz: August 24, 2022

ANSWER: D

• Prime Minister to inaugurate Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital and Research Centre in Mohali district, Punjab.
• Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital and Research Centre is a 300-bed facility and equipped with state-of-the-art facilities such as MRI, CT, mammography, digital radiography and brachytherapy to treat all types of cancers using every available treatment modalities like surgery and medical oncology — chemotherapy, immunotherapy and bone marrow transplant.
• The hospital has been built at a cost of over Rs 660 crore by Tata Memorial Centre.
• The facility has a day care facility for administration of chemotherapy and minor OT for biopsy and minor surgeries.

ANSWER: D

• The Centre has issued an advisory to states on Hand Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD), commonly known as Tomato Flu.
• According to the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Tomato Flu was first identified in the Kollam district of Kerala on May 6 and as of July 26, more than 82 children younger than 5 years with the infection have been reported by the local government hospitals.

Tomato flu symptoms

• The disease is named tomato flu as its main symptom is red blisters that look akin to tomatoes when enlarged.
• Tomato flu’s primary symptoms include fever, fatigue, body aches, skin rashes, intense joint pain and dehydration.
• Other symptoms are nausea, diarrhoea, dehydration and common influenza-like symptoms.
• Meanwhile, health experts have called tomato flu a misleading name for Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD).
• Dr Rajeev Jayadevan, IMA member in Kochi told India Today, “The illness is commonly caused by the Coxsackie virus which results in small 4-6 mm red spots on the skin that later become bubbles with fluid inside.
• The skin lesions can appear on the hands, feet and buttocks. It spreads by contact between young children and is self-limiting, requiring only supportive treatment. It has no connection with tomatoes.”

Tomato Flu vs Monkeypox

• While there is no specific drug or vaccine for treating HFMD or tomato flu, newer vaccines have been developed of which one has even been approved for the treatment of monkeypox. As per WHO, an antiviral agent originally developed for smallpox has been licensed for treating monkeypox.
• In case of monkeypox, contacts have to be observed at least daily for any symptoms or signs of the disease for 21 days from the last contact with a patient or contaminated material during the infection. On the other hand, isolation of 5-7 days is good enough in case of tomato flu or HFMD.

ANSWER: D

• Defence Research and Development Organisation and Indian Navy successfully flight tested Vertical Launch Short Range Surface to Air Missile (VL-SRSAM).
• The missile was tested from the Integrated Test Range at Chandipur off the coast of Odisha. This missile has been indigenously designed and developed by DRDO.
• Defence Ministry said the flight test was carried out from an Indian Naval ship against a high-speed unmanned aerial target for demonstration of vertical launch capability.
• Defence Minister Rajnath Singh has complimented DRDO, Indian Navy and associated teams on the successful flight trial of missiles.
• He said the missile will prove to be a force multiplier for the Indian Navy.
• DRDO Chairman Dr G Satheesh Reddy that it will further strengthen the Indian Navy for neutralising various aerial threats at close ranges including sea-skimming targets.

ANSWER: D

• The Supreme Court has struck down one of the provisions of the Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Act of 1988, which provides for the punishment of a maximum jail term of three years or a fine or both for those indulging in benami’ transactions.
• The apex court termed the provision unconstitutional on the ground of being manifestly arbitrary.  A bench comprising Chief Justice N V Ramana and Justices C T Ravikumar and Hima Kohli
• The court hold section 3(2) of the Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Act, 1988 as unconstitutional.
• The verdict came on the appeal of the Centre challenging the Calcutta High Court judgement in which it was held that the amendment made in the 1988 Act in 2016 would be applicable with prospective effect.

ANSWER: A

• Vikram Doraiswami has been appointed as the next High Commissioner of India to the United Kingdom.
• Doraiswami is presently the High Commissioner of India to the Bangladesh.
• The External Affairs Ministry of India in a statement said that he is expected to take up the assignment shortly.
• Doraiswami is an Indian Foreign Service officer of the 1992 batch. Earlier, the ministry had announced the appointment of Mr. Pranay Kumar Verma, an IFS officer of 1994 batch as India’s next High Commissioner to Bangladesh.
• He is currently serving as India’s Ambassador to Vietnam.

ANSWER: C

• Internaut Day is being celebrated around the world today to mark the invention of the World Wide Web.
• An “internaut” is a person who possesses a thorough knowledge of how to use the Internet and its history.
• August 23 marks the day when the World Wide Web was opened to the public back in the year 1991 for the first time by WWW inventor Tim Berners Lee as he allowed its access, CERN announced that internet would be free to everyone and there would be no fee for its use.
• Lee, an English computer scientist had invented the World Wide Web in 1989, while working at the CERN.
• He had initially proposed an information management system on 12th of March in the year 1989 and thereafter was able to implement the first successful world wide web communication through the Internet around November in the same year.
• He also devised and implemented the first Web browser and Web server and helped foster the Web’s subsequent rapid development.
• In 1990, with  Robert Cailliau, the British scientist prepared  ‘hypertext project’  which was called ‘WorldWideWeb.’
• In 1991, Tim published a short summary of WWW and internet was made accessible to the public.
• The British genius was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II for his pioneering work in the year 2004.
• Presently, he is a Professorial Fellow of Computer Science at the University of Oxford and a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).

ANSWER: D

• India secured the third rank in medal tally at the 15th International Olympiad on Astronomy and Astrophysics (IOAA).
• India held the third position jointly with Singapore with students winning three gold and two silver medals.
• The 15th International Olympiad on Astronomy and Astrophysics (IOAA) 2022 held in Kutaisi, Georgia, from 14 to 21 August, 2022.

 Details of the Individual performance are given below:

• There were 209 students from 37 main and 6 guest teams participating in this year’s IOAA.
• In addition, 24 students from 6 countries participated in the online mode.
• This year’s competition was originally scheduled to be held in Kyiv, Ukraine; it was shifted to Kutaisi, Georgia in March 2022 due to the war in Ukraine.

ANSWER: C

• Google Doodle celebrated physicist and meteorologist Anna Mani’s 104th birth anniversary with a special graphic.
• She was one of the country’s first female scientists.
• Her life’s work and research made it possible for India to make accurate weather forecasts and laid the groundwork for the nation to harness renewable energy.

About

• Anna Mani was born on August 23 in 1918 in Kerala (known as Travancore then). She was an avid reader and by the age of 12, Mani had read almost every book at her public library!
• After high school, she did her Intermediate Science course at Women’s Christian College (WCC) and went on to complete a Bachelor of Science with honours in physics and chemistry from Presidency College, Madras.
• After graduation, she taught at WCC for a year and won a scholarship for post-graduate studies at the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. Here, under the guidance of Nobel Laureate Sir C V Raman, she studied spectroscopy, specializing in diamonds and rubies.
• Between 1942 and 1945, she published five papers, completed her PhD dissertation, and began a graduate program at Imperial College, London, where she learned to specialize in meteorological instrumentation.
• She began working for the India Meteorological Department upon her return to India in 1948, where she helped the country design and manufacture its own weather instruments.
• She performed so well that by 1953, she became head of the division. Under her leadership, more than 100 weather instrument designs were simplified and standardised for production.
• Mani later became Deputy Director General of India Meteorological Department, and held several key positions in the United Nations World Meteorological Organisation.
• In 1987, she won the INSA KR Ramanathan Medal for her noteworthy contributions to science.
• After her retirement, she was appointed as a Trustee of the Raman Research Institute in Bangalore.

ANSWER: C

• Chief Minister Jai Ram Thakur today inaugurated and laid the foundation stone of 10 developmental projects worth about Rs 35 crore in the Shimla (Rural) Assembly
• He presided over the ‘Pragatisheel Himachal: Sathapna Ke 75 Varsh’programme at Baloh Dhami in the constituency.
• Thakur, while addressing a public meeting on the occasion, recalled the infamous carnage that took place at Dhami about 82 years ago for the freedom of the nation and for securing a separate identity for Himachal Pradesh.

HISTORY

• Dhami’s history took a new turn with the advent of the British, who promised the rulers of Dhami as well as 19 other hill states restoration of their territories if they assisted them in defeating the Gurkhas in the Anglo-Gurkha War. The Gurkhas were expelled.
• Eventually the British granted Dhami with a “Sanad” in September, 1815, recognising it as an independent state by conferring lands upon its legitimate chief “from generation to generation and with all internal rights” provided Dhami fulfilled certain conditions.
• Dhami proved its loyalty to the British in 1857 when the Gurkhas’ held a mutiny against the British at Jutogh.
• Soon the small hill state of Dhami acquired a big chapter in Himachal’s history. Coming under British paramountcy, Dhami had to fulfil certain conditions which upset the traditional economy and lives of the hill folk.
• Being near the summer capital of Shimla, demands on Dhami were increasing for the supply of free and forced labour, fuel especially of the prized oak wood, fruits and vegetables, recruits to the British army, expenses for routine shikar expeditions, enhanced revenue, etc. — all for the upkeep of the British bara log at Shimla.
• The brewing discontent due to such atrocities led to resentment against the autocratic Rana, and demand for social reform, under the banner of praja mandals.
• The Dhami Praja Mandal led a crowd of more than 2,000 at Halog on July 16, 1939, to represent their demands to the Dhami Rana. In the melee that ensued, guns were fired by Dhami state leaving two dead in the incident called Dhami goli kand.

ANSWER: D

• A total of 81 films will be screened during the three-day International Film Festival of Shimla commencing at Gaiety theatre on August 26.
• As many as 27 films would be screened in the international category besides 34 Indian films, four Himachali films and 15 national award-winning films during the eighth edition of the festival.
• Bollywood actress Divya Dutta will be celebrity guest and screening of her transgender-based film Sheer Korma starring Shabana Azmi, Divya Dutta and Swara Bhaskar in lead roles will be presided over by Chief Minister Jai Ram Thakur, said Festival Director Pushp Raj Thakur.
• Documentary, animation, feature and short films from Canada, America, Lebanon, Spain, Iran, Taiwan, Brazil, Iceland, Singapore, Mexico, Australia, Greece, Belgium, Denmark and Russia will be screened in the film festival.
• Fifty film directors from across the country and abroad will participate in the festival. This time a film exhibition is also being organised by the National Film Archives of India, Pune, depicting and deliberating the history and growth of cinema in India.

HISTORY

• Gaiety Theatre was opened on 30 May 1887, to a design by the English architect Henry Irwin.
• It is an example of the Gothic Revival style of architecture, derived from British Victorian examples.
• It was once part of the large Town Hall Complex. It had a capacity of more than 300 people.
• Initially, it was a five-story building with a theatre, ballroom, armoury, police office, bar, and galleries.
• After nearly two decades from its date of establishment, it was found that the building was structurally unsafe.
• It was partially demolished, but the Gaiety Theatre remains untouched.