ANSWER: D
Article 243D: Clause (3) of Article 243D of the Constitution ensures participation of women in Panchayati Raj Institutions by mandating not less than one- third reservation for women out of total number of seats to be filled by direct election and number of offices of chairpersons of Panchayats.
Article-243 A. Gram Sabha.-
Article-243B. Constitution of Panchayats.
Article-243C. Composition of Panchayats.
Article-243D. Reservation of seats.
ANSWER: C
The President of India is elected indirectly by an electoral college that is composed of the members of parliament of both the houses and the members of the legislative assemblies of the states and territories of the Republic of India. (Article 54)
ANSWER: B
ARTICLE 52 : THE PRESIDENT OF INDIA: There shall be a President of India.
ARTICLE 53 : EXECUTIVE POWER OF THE UNION: The executive power of the Union shall be vested in the President and shall be exercised by him either directly or through officers subordinate to him in accordance with this Constitution.
ARTICLE 54 : ELECTION OF PRESIDENT.
ARTICLE 55 : MANNER OF ELECTION OF PRESIDENT.
ANSWER: D
Money Bill is defined in Article 110 of the Indian Constitution. Money bills are concerned with financial matters like taxation, public expenditure, etc.
ANSWER: C
The Indian Constitution, in Article 123, authorizes the executive to promulgate ordinances if certain conditions are satisfied. Ordinances may be promulgated only if at least one House of Parliament is not in session. President is satisfied that “immediate action” is necessary.
The Constitution states that the ordinance will lapse at the end of six weeks from the time Parliament (or the State Legislature) next meets.
ANSWER: B
Writs: As defined under Article 32 and Article 226, there are 5 writs, namely Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Certiorari, Prohibition, and Quo warranto.
ANSWER: B
The concept of Directive Principles of State Policy was borrowed from the Irish Constitution. The makers of the Constitution of India were influenced by the Irish nationalist movement. Hence, the Directive Principles of the Indian constitution have been greatly influenced by the Directive Principles of State Policy.
ANSWER: D
Registration of Political parties is governed by the provisions of Section 29A of the Representation of the People Act, 1951.
ANSWER: A
Article 1 in the Constitution states that India, that is Bharat, shall be a Union of States. The territory of India shall consist of: The territories of the states, The Union territories and Any territory that may be acquired in future.
ANSWER: Not relevant in today’s context.
The current strength of the Lok Sabha is 543 members, out of which 530 represent states while the remaining represent the Union Territories. In January 2020, the Anglo-Indian reserved seats in the Parliament and State Legislatures of India were discontinued by 104th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019.
ANSWER: C
In 1875, a committee was appointed to inquire about the conditions of all factories. The first Factories Act was enacted in 1881, During Lord Ripon’s time.
ANSWER: A
D.R. Bhandarkar does not represent the Nationalist critique of the Colonial Economy.
ANSWER: D
In 1905, in the Benaras session of the Congress, Gopal Krishana Gokhale supported the Swadeshi and Boycott Movements to Bengal only.
ANSWER: B
The Yugantar Ashram was the building in San Francisco, California that housed the headquarters of the Ghadar Party, the liberation movement of India.
ANSWER: A
In 1901 was the first walk-out organized in the Legislative Council during the colonial period. It was organized by Balachandra Krishna.
ANSWER: C
In 1909, Wyllie was shot by Madan Lal Dhingra, an Indian student. A Parsee physician, Dr Cawas Lalcaca, who sought to protect Wyllie, was also killed.
ANSWER: D
The Interim Government of India, also known as the Provisional Government of India, formed on 2 September 1946 from the newly elected Constituent Assembly of India, had the task of assisting the transition of British India to independence. B.R. Ambedkar was not the member of the Interim Government in 1946.
ANSWER: B
1851, the Rehnumai Maz’dayasan Sabha or Religious Reform Association was founded by Nauroji Furdonji, Dadabhai Naoroji, S.S. Bengalee and others. They started a journal Rast Goftar, for the purpose of social-religious reforms among the Parsis.
ANSWER: A
Dadabhai Naoroji – Indian Mirror
ANSWER: D
The National Gallery of Modern Art (NGMA), New Delhi has organised a virtual tour titled “The Great Maestro – Abanindranath Tagore” to commemorate the 150th birth anniversary of Abanindranath Tagore on 7th August 2020. Abanindranath Tagore took birth in a family of Tagores of Jorasanko in Kolkata in 1871. He was a nephew of Rabindranath Tagore.
In his youth, Abanindranath received training in European and Academic style from European artists. However, during the last decade of the 19th century, he developed distaste for the corporeality of European naturalism (which represented things closer to the way one sees them – inspired by the principles of natural science).
ANSWER: C
The Swami founded the Vedanta Society of New York in 1896, followed by the Vedanta Society of San Francisco in 1900. Swami Vivekananda became the foremost interpreter of Yoga and Hinduism in Western countries, basing his teachings on the inspiration of his master Sri Ramakrishna.
ANSWER: B
Deoband Proframme of Study was reduced to 6 years.
ASNWER: A
It was founded in 1861 by Alexander Cunningham who also became its first Director-General.
ANSWER: D
DEV SAMAJ, a religious and social reform society, was founded on 16 February 1887 in Lahore by Pandit Shiv Narayan Agnihotri (1850-1929). The story of the Dev Samaj is in essence the story of its founder. Pandit Agnihotri was born in the village of Akbarpur, in Uttar Pradesh, on 20 December 1850.
ANSWER: C
In 1909, Mohandas K. Gandhi published Hind Swaraj, or Indian Home Rule.
ANSWER: B
Abolition of Varna System
Gandhi was a proponent of the Varna system and belief in the varna-ashrama system was a cardinal qualification to be a Hindu according to Gandhi.
However, Gandhi’s Varna system had internal flexibility and the varnas were mutually tradable in the Hindu society.
In Gandhi’s Varna system, a shudra must perform his hereditary duty and if he is capable of performing priestly duties he must perform them without sacrificing or rejecting his ancestral duties.
This flexibility is true for all the varnas in Gandhi’s scheme of the Varnashrama system. For Gandhi, the ‘Varna’ system was not hierarchical.
ANSWER: D
On 12 March 1930, Gandhi and 78 satyagrahis, among whom were men belonging to almost every region, caste, creed, and religion of India, set out on foot for the coastal village of Dandi, Gujarat, 385 km from their starting point at Sabarmati Ashram.
ANSWER: C
On 4 September 1920, Congress met at Calcutta in a special session. This special session was presided by Lala Lajpat Rai.
ANSWER: A
In 1947 Gandhi ji felt that Non-violence of the brave.
ANSWER: D
Trusteeship is a socio-economic philosophy that was propounded by Mahatma Gandhi.
It provides a means by which the wealthy people would be the trustees of trusts that looked after the welfare of the people in general.
Gandhi believed that the wealthy people could be persuaded to part with their wealth to help the poor.
ANSWER: D
Cash reserve ratio (CRR) is the percentage of a bank’s total deposits that it needs to maintain as liquid cash. This is an RBI requirement, and the cash reserve is kept with the RBI. A bank does not earn interest on this liquid cash maintained with the RBI and neither can it use this for investing and lending purposes.
ANSWER: D
Dr Verghese Kurien
Padma Vibhushan Dr Verghese Kurien, ‘Father of White Revolution in India’, left for his heavenly abode on 9th September 2012 at the age of 90. Dr Kurien born at Kozhikode in Kerala on 26th November 1921, completed the Bachelor degree in Mechanical Engineering in 1943 from Madras University.
ANSWER: B
The Kisan Credit Card (KCC)[1] scheme was introduced in 1998 for issue of Kisan Credit Cards to farmers on the basis of their holdings for uniform adoption by the banks so that farmers may use them to readily purchase agriculture inputs such as seeds, fertilizers, pesticides etc.
ANSWER: B
Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956 (IPR 1956) is a resolution adopted by the Indian parliament in April 1956. According to this resolution the objective of the social and economic policy in India was the establishment of a socialistic pattern of society. It provided more powers to the governmental machinery.
ANSWER: B
Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices is a decentralised agency of the Government of India. It was established in 1965 as the Agricultural Prices Commission, and was given its present name in 1985.
ANSWER: C
India is considered a mixed economy: the private and public sectors co-exist and the country leverages international trade.
ANSWER: A
The National Population Policy 2000 — released on Feb. 15 — aims to bring the total fertility rate (TFR) to replacement level by 2010 and to achieve a stable population by 2045, at a level consistent with sustainable economic growth, social development, and environmental protection.
ANSWER: B
The objectives of the Public Distribution System are as follows: To protect the low income groups by guaranteeing the supply of certain minimum quantities of food grains at affordable price. Ensuring equitable distribution. Controlling the price rise of Essential Commodities in the open market.
ANSWER: D
The Second Green Revolution is a change in agricultural production widely thought necessary to feed and sustain the growing population on Earth. These calls came about as a response to rising food commodity prices and fears of peak oil, among other factors.
ANSWER: A
Disguised unemployment is primarily traced in the agricultural and the unorganised sectors of the economy. As the primary sector of the Indian economy, Agriculture provides employment to almost 51% of the total population.
ANSWER: A
The electrical equivalent of one horsepower is 746 watts in the International System of Units (SI), and the heat equivalent is 2,545 BTU (British Thermal Units) per hour. Another unit of power is the metric horsepower, which equals 4,500 kilogram-metres per minute (32,549 foot-pounds per minute), or 0.9863 horsepower.
ANSWER: B
North-South direction
ANSWER: B
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG): it is composed of compressed Methane and Ethane. Explanation: The main constituent of both Biogas and CNG is Methane. So the correct option is Methane.
ANSWER: C
The concave lens is used to correct myopia and the convex lens is used to correct hypermetropia.
ANSWER: B
Lactic acid is mainly produced in muscle cells and red blood cells. It forms when the body breaks down carbohydrates to use for energy when oxygen levels are low. Times when your body’s oxygen level might drop include: During intense exercise.
ANSWER: B
About eight percent of the Earth’s crust is aluminum, making it the most abundant metal on this planet.
ANSWER: B
Isobars are atoms (nuclides) of different chemical elements that have the same number of nucleons. Correspondingly, isobars differ in atomic number (or number of protons) but have the same mass number. The term “isobars” (originally “isobares”) for nuclides was suggested by Alfred Walter Stewart in 1918.
ANSWER: C
It consists of microscopically small solid particles or liquid droplets suspended in the air. The smaller the particles, the deeper they can penetrate into the respiratory system and the more hazardous they are to breathe. Fine particles: These particles are found in smoke and haze with a size up to 2.5 µm (PM2. 5).
ANSWER: B
Robert Brown was a Scottish Botanist who was responsible for discovery of the nucleus of the cell and he is responsible for discovering the Brownian motion which is the random movement of microscopic particles.
ANSWER: B
Bats search their prey and fly in dark night by emitting and detecting reflections of Ultrasonic waves. At night the bat uses its hearing to navigate its way to prey. Bats catch insects continuously using echolocation, an advanced navigation system. The bat emits ultrasonic waves with very high frequencies. Its calls are pitched at 20-100 kilohertz, a frequency that is too high-pitched for humans to hear naturally.
ANSWER: C
Trisul is a group of three Himalayan mountain peaks of western Kumaun, Uttarakhand, with the highest (Trisul I) reaching 7120m. The three peaks resemble a trident – in Hindi/Sanskrit, Trishula, trident, is the weapon of Shiva.
ANSWER: D
Ranthambore is known for its large tiger population. The Indian government started Project Tiger in 1973 and allotted an area of 60 mi2 of the park as a tiger sanctuary. This area later expanded to become what is now the Ranthambore National Park.
ANSWER: C
In 1971, an international convention was held in Ramsar, Iran and participants signed a treaty entitled, “The Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, Especially as Waterfowl Habitat.” The Ramsar Convention provides a framework for voluntary international cooperation for wetland conservation.
ANSWER: B
Karewa soil found in the mountain valley filling, composed of unconsolidated gravel and mud. There are a series of plateaus above the Yarum Plain and its tributaries. These plateau-shaped terraces are called “Karewas” or “Vudu” in the local language.
ANSWER: B
Gurjan is not a deciduous tree. Deciduous trees are giant flowering plants. They include oaks, maples, and beeches, and they grow in many parts of the world. The word deciduous means to “fall off,” and every fall these trees shed their leaves. Most deciduous trees are broad-leaved, with wide, flat leaves.
ANSWER: B
The combined river descends through this mountainous region and surges through Arunachal Pradesh in India for 200 kilometres (120 mi) before entering the plains of Assam where it is known as the Lohit River.
ANSWER: C
The Ten Degree Channel is a channel that separates the Andaman Islands and Nicobar Islands from each other in the Bay of Bengal. The two sets of islands together form the Indian Union Territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
ANSWER: B
Rihand Dam also known as Govind Ballabh Pant Sagar, is the largest dam of India by volume. The reservoir of Rihand Dam is called Govind Ballabh Pant Sagar and is India’s largest artificial lake. Rihand Dam is a concrete gravity dam located at Pipri in Sonbhadra District in Uttar Pradesh, India.
ANSWER: A
The Bangkok headquarters and country offices in Myanmar, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka host experts who work towards inclusive development goals across our strategic as well as cross-cutting themes. ADPC has been supporting the Regional Consultative Committee on Disaster Management (RCC) since 2000 as its secretariat.
ANSWER: D
India’s coastline is vulnerable close to 5,700km out of the 7,516km long coastline. This coastline is vulnerable to cyclones and tsunamis. 68% of its cultivable area is vulnerable to droughts and its hilly areas are at risk from landslides and avalanches.
ANSWER: B
Taragarh Fort: This fortress was captured by Raja Jagat Singh Pathania from Chamba state and was secretly fortified by him and his sons in preparation for his infamous rebellion against Mughals(1640–42).
ANSWER: C
Charpatnath is the name of Yogi who guided Raja Sahil Varman of Chamba princely state regarding the site of new capital of his state . One version tells how Varman, who, after being childless for a significant period, was blessed with ten sons and a daughter, named “Champavati“. It was Champavati who urged her father to build a new capital town in the valley.
ANSWER: C
Under the leadership of Nawab Ali Khan and aided by Raja Jagat Singh, the fort was captured in 1620 and under Mughal rule until 1783. In 1621, Jahangir visited it and ordered the slaughter of a bullock there. A mosque was also built within the fort of Kangra.
ANSWER: B
European traveller Forster travelled from Nahan to Jammu via Nurpur around 1783 AD.
ANSWER: C
Raja Bhup Pal of Kullu was taken prisoner by the Suket princely state around 850-900 AD.
ANSWER: D
A treaty was signed in the 17th century between Kehri Singh and the government of Tibet headed by Dalai Lama VI. This treaty declared free trade between Tibet and Kinnaur without payment of tax which continued till the international border was sealed in 1962 after the India-China war.
ANSWER: A
The battle took place around the Nalapani fort, near Dehradun, which was placed under siege by the British between 31 October and 30 November 1814 in Jaitak Hills.
ANSWER: Incorrect Options
Right answer is Raja Sujit Chand was founder of Hindur (later Nalagarh).
ANSWER: D
Rawingarh and Dhadi, two Thakurais were made subordinate to jubbal princely state in 1806 AD.
ANSWER: A
Raja Shamsher Singh of Bhushahr acted with hostility towards the British during 1857 mutiny.
ANSWER: A
Hirday Ram was sentenced to death in Lahore conspiracy case, which was later on reduced to life imprisonment.
ANSWER: C
The Chamber of Princes (Narendra Mandal) was an institution established in 1921 by a royal proclamation of King-Emperor George V to provide a forum in which the rulers of the princely states of India could voice their needs and aspirations to the colonial government of British India.
ANSWER: C
Lahul & Spiti district has registered the lowest proportion of the SC population (7.8 per cent) preceded by Kinnaur.
ANSWER: B
Parana La is the most famous trek route of Spiti and connects Kaza to Karzok. It has an altitude of 18,600 ft (5669 Meters) and follows the traditional trade route between Ladakh and Spiti Valley. This pass was initially used as a trade route between Spiti and Ladakh and was popular throughout the 19th century.
ANSWER: B
Bradonsar lake is located between Dodra-Kawar and Sangla (Kinnaur).
ANSWER: B
Andhra River is a tributary of Pabber not Satluj river.
ANSWER: C
Chandar Nahan is a high altitude lake which is located in district Shimla, tehsil Rohru, about 4,260 m (13,980 ft) above sea level. It is surrounded by snow for a long time and is the source of the river Pabbar.
ANSWER: D
Shikari Devi Wildlife Sanctuary Mandi
Nestling in the foothills of Himalaya, Shikari Devi Wildlife Sanctuary is a must visit place for all the wildlife lovers. The combination of hills and woods is intoxicating and covers terrains from the chair and pine forest. Most people visit the Shikhari Devi sanctuary of the temple which is located in the middle of the forest. The sanctuary accredited by the government of India in 1962.
In the jungle, tourist can catch glimpses of Goral, Monal, Black Bear, Barking Deer, Musk Deer, Cat Leopard, and The Himalayan Black Bear. The vegetation of the places includes trees of the Barn Oak, Western Mixed Coniferous Trees, Kharsu Oak, West Himalayan Upper Oak, Moist Temperate Deciduous Forest, and Sub-Alpine Pastures.
ANSWER: B
Phulaich festival is one of the festivals of Himachal Pradesh which is held in September. Villagers play drums and celebrate this festival on a larger basis and go to the mountains to collect Ladra flowers. This festival is celebrated in Kinnaur, the festival is organized to remember those who have passed away.
ANSWER: B
Minjar fair held on the second Sunday of August, the fair commences with the offering of ‘minjar’ that includes golden silk wrapped in red fabric, a coconut, a seasonal fruit and one rupee coin. The fair is held at Choughan area and the place is turned into a commercial centre.
ANSWER: C
Arki School of Paintings:
Arki school was influenced by Basholi School of Paintings but later Kangra style was adopted. The paintings of School deal with Shiva-Parvati, Krishna legend, and Nayak-Nayika themes of Rasikpriya of Keshvadas.
ANSWER: A
Hidimba Devi Temple, locally known as Dhungari Temple, also known variously as the Hadimba Temple, is located in Manāli, a hill station in the State of Himāchal Pradesh in north India. It is an ancient cave temple dedicated to Hidimbi Devi, wife of Bhima, a figure in the Indian epic Mahabharata.
ANSWER: D
187 services are covered in H.P. under services are covered in H.P. under Public Service Guarantee Act.
ANSWER: B
Sarol is a place in Chamba District of H.P. there is a sheep-breeding farm.
ANSWER: C
Suketi Fossil Park is located in Sirmaur District. The park is the first of its kind in Asia to be developed at the actual discovery site of fossils. The Park is located on the left bank of the Markanda River and is approachable by a link road 4 km from highway from Haryana.
ANSWER: D
The 125-year-old Bantony Castle was the summer palace of the Maharaja of Sirmaur. The main building is a double-storey structure constructed in the mock Tudor style, part chalet and crowned with a sloping roof with mini-towers. The building is said to have been designed by TEG Cooper and before its construction began in 1880, the site had a cottage belonging to Cap A. Gordon which housed army officers. It had housed the office of the Himachal Police since 1957. It was after the owners won the legal battle that the police vacated the building.
ANSWER: A
Pandit Sita Ram founded the Shri Dhami Prem Pracharni Sabha in July 1939 AD.
ANSWER: D
“69.78” is the approximate percentage of marginal holdings in H.P.
ANSWER: D
Berra Dol Solar Power Project, a 5 MW pilot solar project, has been developed by HPPCL in District Bilaspur of Himachal Pradesh.
ANSWER: B
Beti Hai Anmol Yojana is for girls from below poverty line (BPL) families of Himachal Pradesh. Under the Beti Hai Anmol Yojana, all girls born after July 5, 2010, can get the benefits of studying up to 12th standard.
ANSWER: A
Pranab Kumar Mukherjee was an Indian politician who served as the 13th president of India from 2012 until 2017. In a political career spanning five decades, Mukherjee was a senior leader in the Indian National Congress and occupied several ministerial portfolios in the Government of India.
ANSWER: A
Atal Bihari Vajpayee was an Indian politician who served three terms as the prime minister of India, first for a term of 13 days in 1996, then for a period of 13 months from 1998 to 1999, followed by a full term from 1999 to 2004. Vajpayee was one of the co-founders and a senior leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). He was a member of the Rashtriya Swayam sevak Sangh, a Hindu nationalist volunteer organisation.
ANSWER: D
General Sir Rob Lockhart, General Sir Roy Bucher, General (Later. Field Marshal) K.M. Cariappa all three have been the Commanders- in – Chief of Indian Army after independence.
ANSWER: C
India won gold in the mixed-team badminton event at the Commonwealth Games 2018.
ANSWER: C
The Khel Ratna Award officially known as the Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award (transl. Major Dhyan Chand Sport Jewel Award), formerly known as the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award in Sports and Games, is the highest sporting honour of India. It is awarded annually by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports.
ANSWER: A
Prince of Abu Dhabi was the Chief Guest in the 68th Republic Day Parade on 26th January 2017.
ANSWER: A
Vinod Rai
ANSWER: A
Meira Kumar the opposition candidate contested Presidential election against ruling party’s candidate Ram Nath Kovind.
ANSWER: C
Indian city Ahmedabad has been declared as World’s Heritage City by UNESCO in 2017.
ANSWER: A
Prasoon Joshi is appointed as chief of Film Censor Board in India in 2017.
ANSWER: D
Vino Khanna has been posthumously awarded India’s highest award in cinema, the Dadasaheb Phalke Award in 2018 by the Government of India at 65th National Film Awards.
ANSWER: A
Dr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee Tunnel, also known as Syama Tunnel, and formerly as Chenani-Nashri Tunnel, is a road tunnel in Jammu and Kashmir, India. It is located in the Lower Himalayas, on National Highway 44. Construction started in 2011 and was completed by 2017.
The Chenani-Nashri tunnel, which is also situated in Jammu and Kashmir, is the longest bi-directional tunnel in Asia at 10.89 km. At 11,575 feet above sea level, the Zojila tunnel will also surpass the Atal tunnel, currently the highest tunnel in the world.
ANSWER: C
GSAT-9 carries 12 Ku band transponders; each participating South Asian Country has access to a dedicated transponder for their communications. The standalone satellite has a liftoff mass of about 2,230 kg.
ANSWER: A
Ek Bharat Shreshtha Bharat programme aims to enhance interaction & promote mutual understanding between people of different states/UTs through the concept of state/UT pairing. The states carry out activities to promote a sustained and structured cultural connect in the areas of language learning, culture, traditions & music, tourism & cuisine, sports and sharing of best practices, etc.
ANSWER: D
All of the above
ANSWER: A
The International Day of Yoga has been celebrated annually on 21 June since 2015, following its inception in the United Nations General Assembly in 2014.
ANSWER: B
The noted writer Yeshe Dorjee Thongshi has been conferred the Bhupen Hazarika National Award, 2017.
ANSWER: A
Om Prakash Rawat
ANSWER: A
Ghogha – Dahej
ANSWER: B
Manmohan Singh has been chosen for Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace, Disarmament and Development for 2017.
ANSWER: D
All of the Above
ANSWER: D
Satyajit Ray, (born May 2, 1921, Calcutta [now Kolkata], India—died April 23, 1992, Calcutta), Bengali motion-picture director, writer, and illustrator who brought the Indian cinema to world recognition with Pather Panchali (1955; The Song of the Road) and its two sequels, known as the Apu Trilogy.
ANSWER: D
Dalveer Bhandari is an Indian member of the International Court of Justice. He is a former Judge of Supreme Court of India. He is also the former Chief Justice of Bombay High Court and a Judge of Delhi High Court.
ANSWER: D
The Paradise Papers are a set of over 13.4 million confidential electronic documents relating to offshore investments that were leaked to the German reporters Frederik Obermaier and Bastian Obermayer, from the newspaper Süddeutsche Zeitung.
ANSWER: A
The United States and Israel officially quit the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) with the close of 2018. The countries had announced their decisions in 2017 of withdrawing from the agency, accusing it of bias against Israel.
ANSWER: C
The Norwegian Nobel Committee has decided to award the Nobel Peace Prize for 2017 to the International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICAN).
ANSWER: B
The summit was held in Xiamen, China, the second time the China has hosted the summit after the 2011 summit.
ANSWER: A
It was established in 1985 when the Heads of State of Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka formally adopted the charter. Afghanistan joined as the 8th member of SAARC in 2007.
ANSWER: B
Antonio Manuel de Oliveira Guterres GCC GCL is a Portuguese politician and diplomat. Since 2017, he has served as Secretary-General of the United Nations, the ninth person to hold this title. A member of the Portuguese Socialist Party, Guterres served as Prime Minister of Portugal from 1995 to 2002.
ANSWER: A
Shahid Khaqan Abbasi is a Pakistani politician and businessman who served as the 21st prime minister of Pakistan from August 2017 to May 2018.
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