QUESTION : What are Mural Paintings ? Discuss about different ancient Mural paintings in India. 8 marks 120 words
Understanding Of Question: First discuss what are mural paintings, write some examples of mural painting (world examples) then link it with 2nd part of the question . write major examples of murals from Indian subcontinent. Don’t go into much detail. More marks will be fetch with more mural examples | ||
Introduction | The word ‘mural’ derived from the Latin word ‘murus’ which means wall. It can be defined as any piece of artwork painted or applied directly onto a wall, ceiling or other larger permanent surfaces, flat, concave or convex, to be precise. It is an oldest human art form, as cave paintings at numerous ancient human settlements suggest, and can be found all over globe. | |
Keywords | ||
Main Body | Murals of sorts date to Upper Paleolithic times such as the cave paintings in 1. the Lubang Jeriji Saléh cave in Borneo (40,000-52,000 BP), 2. Chauvet Cave in Ardèche department of southern France (around 32,000 BP). 3. Ancient Egyptian tombs (around 3150 BC),[4] 4. the Minoan palaces (Middle period III of the Neopalatial period, 1700–1600 BC), 5. the Oxtotitlán cave and Juxtlahuaca in Mexico (around 1200-900 BC) 6. Pompeii (around 100 BC – AD 79). Different Ancient Mural Paintings found in India are:- 1. Ajanta paintings:- a. Ajanta is the only surviving example of painting of the first century BCE and the fifth century CE b. The subject matter of these paintings is almost exclusively Buddhist, excepting decorative patterns on the ceilings and the pillars. c. They are mostly associated with the Jataka, collection of stories, recording the previous births of the Lord Buddha Eg :- Bodhisattva Padmapani from cave I, painting of Maya devi , Indra, a Hindu divinity 2. Bagh and Badami Cave paintings:- a. The paintings from Bagh caves in Madhya Pradesh correspond to those paintings of Ajanta in cave No. I and II. b. Stylistically both belong to the same form, but Bagh figures are more tightly modeled, and are stronger in outline. c. They are earthlier and human than those at Ajanta. d. The earliest Brahmanical paintings so far known, are the fragments found in Badami caves, in cave No.III belonging to circa 6th century A.D. 3. Ellora a. A number of Hindu, Buddhist and Jain temples were excavated from Ellora between the 8th and 10th centuries A.D. from the living rock. b. Located nearly 100 Kms away from Ajanta caves in the Sahyadri ranges of Maharashtra, it is a group of 34 caves – 17 Brahmanical, 12 Buddhist and 5 Jain. Eg :- Raavankikhai”.,Cave No. 15 is Dashavatara Temple. Two famous Jain caves are Indra Sabha (Cave 32) and Jagannath Sabha (Cave 33). 4. Badami cave paintings a. Badami was the capital of the early Chalukyan dynasty which ruled the region from 543 to 598 CE. b. The paintings found here are stylistically similar to the ones found in Ajanta Eg:- Kirtivarman, the son of Pulakesin I and the elder brother of Mangalesha, seated inside the palace with his wife and feudatories watching a dance scene., The inscription in Cave No.4 mentions the date 578–579 CE, describes the beauty of the cave and includes the dedication of the image of Vishnu.
5. Vijayanagara Murals a. The paintings at Tiruparakunram, near Trichy, done in the fourteenth century represent the early phase of the Vijayanagara style. b. In keeping with the tradition, the Vijayanagara painters evolved a pictorial language wherein the faces are shown in profile and figures and objects two-dimensionally. Eg In Hampi, the Virupaksha temple has paintings on the ceiling of its mandapa narrating events from dynastic history and episodes from the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. 6. Kerala murals a. Kerala painters (during the period from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century) evolved a pictorial language and technique of their own while discriminately adopting certain stylistic elements from Nayaka and Vijayanagara schools b. The artist seems to have also derived sources from oral traditions and local versions of the Ramayana and the Mahabharata for painted narration. Eg Pundareekapuram Krishna temple, Panayanarkavu, Thirukodithanam, Triprayar Sri Rama temple and Trissur Vadakkunathan temple |
|
Conclusion | India has a rich tradition of mural wealth. The treatises such as Vishnudharmottara, Silpashastra, Manasollasa, Shilparatna, Narada-shilpa-shastra and Kashyapa-shilpa, discuss at length all aspects of painting, including murals. |
© 2024 Civilstap Himachal Design & Development