1.       Political  stability:  It  experienced  political stability  since  the  seventeenth  century  making  it conducive  for  development  of  industries.  The  government  was  also  open  to  the  idea  of  laissez faire capitalism and that led to a favourable policy climate for business.

2.       Availability  of  labour:  In  the  18th century,  England  also experienced  ‘agricultural revolution’ which led to consolidation of land and enclosing of the village common lands by bigger landlords. This made landless farmers, and those who had lived by grazing animals on the common lands, available for jobs elsewhere.

3.       Easy movement of goods: In England, the movement of goods between markets was helped by a good network of rivers, and an indented coastline. Coastal shipping was well developed.

4.       Good  financial  system network: By  the  1820s,  there  were more  than 600  banks  in the provinces, and over 100 banks in London alone which covered the financial requirements to establish and maintain big industrial enterprises.

5.       Abundant raw materials: There was plenty of coal available in England that served as the raw material for steam engines. The coal was not only abundant but also easily obtainable.

6.       Vast  colonial  network: The  vast  colonial  network  of  Britain  provided  them  with  cheaper raw material imports and vast market for their produce.

Impact of industrial revolution on different aspects of the English society While on the one hand, industrialisation led to greater prosperity for people in the following ways:

1.       The  individuals  who  took  risks  and  invested  money  in  industries  saw  their capital  multiply manifold. Faster production further led to new innovations and labor-saving technologies.

2.       Mass  production lowered  the  costs of  much-needed  items  such  as  shoes,  clothes,  and  other household items which enhanced people’s quality of life.

3.       Cheaper  products also allowed the  common man to  build  personal  wealth.  The  rising middle class with enhanced economic power led to the demand for reforms in the society.

4.       It  led  to further  specialisation and increased  the  requirement  of  experts as  additional teachers and trainers were required to pass on the specialised skill set.

On the other hand, rapid industrialization had various negative repercussions, such as-

1.       Degraded cities: The cities were ill-prepared to handle huge influx of migrants. Overcrowding due  to  inadequate  housing  facilities,  lack  of  safe drinking  water  supply,  poor  sewerage  and sanitation systems presented ideal conditions for epidemics.

2.       Pollution  and  environmental  degradation: The  whole  process  of  industrialization  was dependent on natural resources and the indiscriminate use of these resources led to widespread pollution.

3.       Poor working conditions: There were appalling working conditions in factories as the factory owners  prized  production  and  profit  over  the  well  being  of  the  workers.  The  workers  lacked bargaining power for their rights and were exploited by the owners.

4.       Impact  on  women  and  children: Women and children working to supplement the men’s meagre  wages,  were  subjected  to  more  torturous  conditions  such  as  unwanted  advances  by employers, making children work in mines with very small inlets etc.

5.       Broken  families:  Long  working  hours  affected  family  relations.  Further,  poverty  along  with poor living conditions made every relationship to be weighed more in economic terms.