HPAS/Allied Mains 2022 Answer Writing Challenge Day 290: Model Answer

Question: Why did the Industrial revolution first occur in England? (4 marks/ 60 words)

Answer.

The industrial revolution started in England because of following factors:

• Economic factors:
  1. a)  Agriculture revolution– there was consolidation of land holdings, new agricultural equipments like iron and steel ploughshare were used. The increase in agriculture productivity ensured availability of raw material and labour for industrial revolution.
  2. b)  Due to the success of British mercantilism there was increased demand for British goods throughout the world. Rich merchants accumulated huge capital which could be invested in factories, etc.
  3. c)  Proximity of iron and steel mines too provided necessary impetus because it saved the transportation cost.
• Political factors: There was political stability in Britain. British citizens enjoyed civil liberties like right to property, etc. There was legal protection to land owners. Britain participated in wars but suffered no damages because of its geographic location and naval supremacy.
• Social and Religious factors: Liberal, progressive ideas under the influence of enlightenment led to many breakthrough inventions like weaving machine, steam engines, etc. Unlike continental Europe, the society was free from social conflicts as citizens enjoyed legal protections. The protestant ethics led to accumulation of wealth and high savings rate.