ANSWER: A
Purushni is the vedic name of Ravi River. The Ravi River originates in the Himalayas in the Multhan tehsil of Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh, India. It follows a north-westerly course and is a perennial river. It is the smallest of the five Punjab rivers that rise from glacier fields at an elevation of 14,000 feet on the southern side of the Mid Himalayas
ANSWER: B
Mulgan Valley lies to the east of Baralacha Pass between the Chandra and Spiti rivers drainage basins located in Lahaul Spiti District
ANSWER: C
There are enthusiastic mentions in Rigveda that Divodas looted wealth as horse,metals,clothing,gold etc from Dasa Kings of hills and gifted to sages as Garg.looting from hill and tarai grasslands by Aryans.
Kirata were the inhabitants of plains and hills of various regions of himalaya.Arayans used to loot regularly from kirat inhabitants looting by Aryans was life and death problems for Kirats.
The Kirata’s powerful king was ‘Shambhar’’,who fought agianst the Aryan king ‘Divodas’.Rishi Bharadwaj was the advisor of the Aryan King’ Divodas’.The war between the two lasted for 40 years and has been discussed in the rigveda by Rishi Vashishta and Vamdeva.Shambhar and his ally,Verchi were killed at a place named ‘Udubraj’.Divodas was succeeded by his son’Sudas’ and Bharadwaj by Rishi Vashishta
ANSWER: B
The original capital of the state of Kullu was at Jagatsukh where the early kings ruled for twelve generations. Raja Visudh Pal transferred the capital to Nagar and later Raja Jagat Singh transferred it to Sultanpur.
ANSWER: A
The Kathāsaritsāgara is a famous 11th-century collection of Indian legends, fairy tales and folk tales as retold in Sanskrit by the Shaivite Somadeva.
ANSWER: A
Mian Jangi was installed as Raja of Bilaspur (Kahlur) princely state when Kharak Chand died issueless
ANSWER:C
Charanjit Singh – Hockey Player
He was a former Field hockey player. He was born in Mairi, Himachal Pradesh (then Punjab). He was the captain of the Indian Hockey Team that won the ‘Gold‘ medal in the 1964 ‘SUMMER OLYMPICS‘ at Tokyo, Japan.
ANSWER: B
Laxmi Narayan Temple, which is the main temple of Chamba town was built by Sahil Verman in the 10th century A.D. The temple has been built in the Shikhara style. The temple consist of Bimana i.e. Shikhara and Garbhgriha with a small antralya. Laxmi Narayan Temple has a Mandapa like structure also.
ANSWER: A
Raja Jagat Singh Pathania succeeded Suraj Mal (his elder brother) as the king of Dhameri (now Nurpur) in present-day Himachal, India. He was the second son of another former king, Basu Dev.
The golden period of Pathania rule in Dhameri came under the reign of Jagat Singh. Under him the state reached her pinnacle. Jagat Singh ruler of Nurpur princely state was sent by Shah Jahan in 1645 A.D. to curb the Uzbeks of Balkh
ANSWER: A
Treaty of Sugauli
The Treaty of Sugauli established the boundary line of Nepal.It was signed between the East India Company and King of Nepal following the Anglo-Nepalese War of 1814-16.
By Treaty of Sugauli the departure of the Gurkhas and the arrival of the British on the political canvas of Shimla Hill states
ANSWER: D
Raja Sansar chand of Kangra wooing of Nokhu Gaddan is depicted in the “Raja Gaddan” love lyric.
ANSWER:B
Correct Matches are :
ANSWER: C
Dr. Piyush Guleri’s award winning work, “Chhaunts” is Kavita (Peom)
ANSWER: B
Anand Chand was born on 26 January 1913 to Raja Bijai Chand (1873–1931), of the Rajput clan of Chandel, and Suraj Devi (1886–1939) in Bilaspur, an erstwhile princely state.
Anand Chand was returned unopposed to the first Lok Sabha
ANSWER: C
As per the Census 2011, Chamba district has the lowest female literacy rate (61.70 percent) in Himachal Pradesh.
ANSWER: D
Opposition to Karcham Wangtoo Hydel Project:
The 1,000 MW Karcham Wangtoo Hydroelectric Project has not only compromised with their traditional water and forest rights but also affected their livelihood.
Both the government and project authorities have to redress grievances of the villages located in the vicinity of the project.
The villagers of Urni, Yula, Chagaon and Miru in Nichar subdivision have boycotted the three-phase panchayati raj elections for 3,195 panchayats in the state held from Dec 28, 2010 to Jan 1, 2011.
Interestingly, nobody has turned up to file nomination papers for any post of the four panchayats and two panchayat samitis, which have 3,326 voters.
ANSWER: B
When Himachal Pradesh was formed in 1948,Kuthar was the smallest Princely State Thakurai to join in (in terms of area)
ANSWER: D
Chamba Pattan Bridge which is the first bridge of its kind in Himachal Pradesh due to being without columns, is built on Beas river
ANSWER: D
The state government has established herbal gardens in Jogindernagar in Mandi district, Neri in Hamirpur district,Rohru in Shimla district and Jungle Jhalera in Bilaspur district to promote Ayurveda in the state.
ANSWER: D
Antyodya Yojna –
Annapurna scheme –
ANSWER: C
ANSWER: B
Vardhmana Mahavira was one of the propagators of Jainism. He was born in a place called Kundagrama near the ancient city of Vaishali located in present day Bihar.
ANSWER: B
Then, on March 12, 1930, Gandhi set out from his ashram, or religious retreat, at Sabermanti near Ahmedabad with several dozen followers on a trek of some 240 miles to the coastal town of Dandi on the Arabian Sea.
ANSWER: C
Dr Rajendra Prasad was elected as President after S.C Bose resigned from his position of the President in April of 1939 which was known as the Tripuri Crisis. This caused some stabilization of the internal conflict of Gandhi versus Bose in the Indian National Congress.
ANSWER: A
Home Rule League, either of two short-lived organizations of the same name in India established in April and September 1916, respectively, by Indian nationalist Bal Gangadhar Tilak and British social reformer and Indian independence leader Annie Besant.
ANSWER: A
In 1943, Muslim League ministries were installed in fair provinces,which were Punjab,Bengal,Sind and NWFP.
ANSWER: B
Shah Jahan imprisoned his step mother Nur Jahan after the death of his father, Jahangir.
ANSWER: C
Owing to mass political protests, the partition was annulled in 1911. New provinces were created based on linguistic lines rather than religious lines. Bihar and Orissa Province was carved out of Bengal.
ANSWER: D
The Surat Split was the splitting of the Indian National Congress into two groups – the Extremists and the Moderates – at the Surat session in 1907.
ANSWER: B
The man who said “Freedom is my birth right”- Bal Gangadhar Tilak. “Freedom is my birth right and I shall have it” that’s how Tilak reacted during the freedom struggle of India. He is the first leader to give such a slogan.
ANSWER: A
The All-India Depressed Classes Association was established by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar in the year 1930 to make the fair representation of the Scheduled Castes in the decision-making bodies of India.
ANSWER: C
Arya Samaj, vigorous reform movement of modern Hinduism, founded in 1875 by Dayananda Sarasvati, whose aim was to Re-establish the Vedas, the earliest Hindu scriptures, as revealed truth.
ANSWER: B
Juba, town, capital of South Sudan. It is a river port on the west bank of the Baḥr Al-Jabal (Mountain Nile), about 87 miles (140 km) south of Bor. Juba is a commercial centre for agricultural products produced in the surrounding area.
ANSWER: C
Kashinath received the Sahitya Akademi Award in 2011 for his novel Rehan Par Ragghu, and is considered one of the best chroniclers of the city of Varanasi.
ANSWER: A
HIMADRI ‘the abode of snow’ is India’s first research station located at the International Arctic Research base, NyAlesund, Svalbard, Norway. It is located at a distance of 1,200 kilometres from the North Pole. It was inaugurated on the 1st July, 2008 by Shri.
ANSWER: D
The five rings represented the five participating continents of the time: Africa, Asia, America, Europe, and Oceania. This design is symbolic; it represents the five continents of the world, united by Olympism, while the six colours are those that appear on all the national flags of the world at the present time.”
The five symbolical colours are Black,Blue,Green,Yellow and Red.
ANSWER: C
Kaziranga National Park is a protected area in the northeast Indian state of Assam. Spread across the floodplains of the Brahmaputra River, its forests, wetlands and grasslands are home to tigers, elephants and the world’s largest population of Indian one-horned rhinoceroses. Ganges River dolphins swim in the park’s waters. It’s visited by many rare migratory birds, and gray pelicans roost near Kaziranga village.
ANSWER: C
Dr. Abdul Kalam Island, formerly known as Wheeler Island, is an island off the coast of Odisha, India, approximately 150 kilometres (93 mi) east of the state capital Bhubaneswar. The Integrated Test Range missile testing facility is located on the island.
ANSSER: B
Sex ratio is not a measure of the Human Development Index. The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators.
ANSWER: D
In 2001, Ramon Magsaysay Award for community leadership in 2001 for his pioneering work in community-based efforts in water harvesting and water management.
ANSWER: B
The Statue of Liberty was a gift from the French people commemorating the alliance of France and the United States during the American Revolution
In 1865, Edouard de Laboulaye proposed that a monument be built as a gift from France to the United States in order to commemorate the perseverance of freedom and democracy in the United States and to honor the work of the late president Abraham Lincoln.
Laboulaye hoped that by calling attention to the recent achievements of the United States, the French people would be inspired to create their own democracy in the face of a repressive monarchy.
ANSWER: C
Ellora is a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in the Aurangabad district of Maharashtra, India. It is one of the largest rock-cut Hindu temple cave complexes in the world, featuring Buddhist and Jain monuments with artwork dating from the period 600–1000 CE.
ANSWER” B
Bangalore, also known as Bengaluru, is situated in the southeastern part of Karnataka, is nicknamed as the Garden City of India. The fastest growing city of India is also praised as the third greenest city of India. The gentle climate and the perfect amalgamation of the sun and the rain provide an ideal environment altogether which is very sustainable for the greenery.
ANSWER: C
In western Tamil Nadu, India, the Nilgiri Mountains form part of the Western Ghats. At least 24 peaks in the Nilgiri Mountains are above 2,000 metres, with Doddabetta being the highest peak, at 2,637 metres.
At the Nilgiri Hills, the Eastern and Western Ghats converge. They are separated by the Moyar River from the Karnataka Plateau to the north. Parts of the Nilgiri Mountains border three national parks. In the northern part of the range where Kerala, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu meet, covering an area of 321 km, lies Mudumalai National Park. In the southwestern part of the range, in Kerala, Mukurthi National Park covers an area of 78.5 km, which includes an intact shola-grassland mosaic, the habitat of the Nilgiri Tahr.
ANSWER: C
Three important rivers of the Indian subcontinent have their sources near the Mansarover Lake in the Great Himalayas. These rivers are
ANSWER: D
Match List I with List II and select the correct answer from the codes given below:
| Nuclear Power stations | States |
| A. Kakrapar | II. Gujrat |
| B. Kaiga | I. Karnataka, |
| C. Rawatbhat | III. Rajasthan |
| D. Narora | IV. Uttar Pradesh, |
ANSWER: C
Koyali refinery also known as Gujarat Refinery is located near Vadodara in Gujarat. This refinery is the largest refinery owned by Indian Oil Corporation.
ANSWER: C
Zawar is a settlement located in Udaipur district, Rajasthan, India, approximately 40 km from the lake city Udaipur. It stretches some 10 kilometers along the banks of the Gomati River. It is close to Dhebar Lake, India’s second largest artificial lake , after Govind Ballabh Pant Sagar dam).It is one of the oldest zinc mines of the world. It is declared as the National Geological Monument.
Zawar is a township created by mining company Hindustan Zinc Limited, for extraction of zinc and lead. An 80MW power plant provides electricity for mining zinc and lead from three major mines.
ANSWER: A
Groups of rivers originate from the Himachal mountains are Beas, Ravi and Chenab.
ANSWER: A
The correct answer is Old Mountains.The Pennines (Europe), the Appalachians (America), and the Aravallis (India) are examples of Old Mountains.
ANSWER: A
Almost 90% of the world’s annual fish supply comes from Inland waters.Although in decline, marine capture fisheries continue to account for more than 90 percent of world capture fisheries production. The remainder comes from inland water fisheries, which have increased their output by almost 0.5 million tonnes per year since 1994.
ANSWER:C
Major factors affecting exploitation of mineral resources in the world are as follows:
(i) Richness or Grade of the Ore (ii) Size of Deposit (iii) Method of Mining
iv) Accessibility (v) Transportation Facilities (vi) Stage of Industrial Development (vii) Technology (viii) Other Factors.
ANSWER: B
Intensive subsistence agriculture is best developed and practically confined to the monsoon lands of Asia. It is carried on mainly in China, Japan, India, Bangladesh, Myanmar (Burma), Thailand, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Philippines, Indonesia, Laos, Cambodia and the islands of Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean and Southeast Asia.
ANSWER: B
Mediterranean Agriculture is simply a form of agriculture, found in a Mediterranean type climate.The four main aspects are orchard farming, viticulture, cereal and vegetable cultivation. Products grown include: olives, pomegranates, mandarin oranges, fig, pistachio, pears, grapes, etc.
ANSWER: C
The President, is unable to discharge the functions of the President owing to absence, illness or any other cause, the Chief Justice of India or, in his absence, the seniormost Judge referred to in sub-section (1) shall discharge the said functions
ANSWER: D
The Governor has the power to impose Governor’s rule in the State of Jammu and Kashmir
ANSWER: C
Manohar Gajanan Joshi (born 2 December 1937) is a former Chief Minister of Maharashtra and a prominent politician from the state of Maharashtra He was the Chief Minister of Maharashtra from 1995 to 1999.
He was Speaker of the Lok Sabha from 2002 to 2004. He is one of the prominent leaders of the Shiv Sena. He is also second Indian to be elected to all the four legislatures.
ANSWER: A
The judges of high courts and the Supreme Court do not hold office “at the pleasure of the President,” Delhi High Court has struck down some “inappropriate” conditions laid down by the law ministry in a February 2011 circular on new “guidelines” for foreign visits by judges.
ANSWRE: D
Public Accounts Committee submits its report to the Lok Sabha Speaker. Public Accounts Committee’s main function is to examine the audit report of Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) and submits its report to the parliament. The Chairman of the committee is appointed by the speaker of its members of Lok Sabha. This committee submits its report to the speaker of the Lok Sabha.
ANSWER: D
In India the power to issue a writ of habeas corpus is vested only in the Supreme Court and the High Court. Habeas corpus is the writ which was visualized as an effective means to provide a quick remedy to a person who has lost his personal liberty without any legal justification.
ANSWER: A
The eleventh scheduled of the constitution created by the 73rd Amendment contains 29 subjects on which the Panchayats shall have administrative Control, Articles 243H empowers State Legislature to make by law provision for imposing taxes etc. by the panchayat.
ANSWER: D
Vote on Account is the grant made in advance by the parliament in pending regular budget passage
ANSWER: C
Under Article 42 of the constitution, an amendment was added in 1976 and education became a concurrent list subject which enables the central government to legislate it in the manner suited to it.
ANSWER: D
ANSWER: A
The Tenth Schedule — popularly known as the Anti-Defection Act — was included in the Constitution via the 52nd Amendment Act, 1985 and sets the provisions for disqualification of elected members on the grounds of defection to another political party.
The grounds for disqualification under the Anti-Defection Law are as follows.If an elected member voluntarily gives up his membership of a political party.If he votes or abstains from voting in such House contrary to any direction issued by his political party or anyone authorised to do so, without obtaining prior permission.
ANSWER: A
| S.No | Countries | Borrowed Features of Indian Constitution |
| 1. | Canada |
|
| 2. | Ireland |
|
| 3. | UK |
|
| 4. | US |
|
ANSWER: D
In 2011, about 18.4 million people lived in Mumbai, making it India’s most populous city.
ANSWER: A
RIL, HDFC among 57 Indian companies on Forbes Global 2000 list. From India, Reliance Industries is the only one in the overall top-200 list and is followed by HDFC Bank at 209th, ONGC at 220th, Indian Oil at 288th and HDFC Ltd at 332nd place.
ANSWER: B
Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan (NBA) – The sanitation program which was established by the government of India in the year 1999. The main motive of this Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan Program is to create awareness among the people about the importance of sanitation particularly among the people from rural areas
ANSWER: D
ANSWER: A
To achieve the objective of “Housing for All” by 2022, the erstwhile rural housing scheme Indira Awaas Yojana (IAY) was restructured to Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana-Gramin (PMAY-G) w.e.f 1st April, 2016.
Ministry Involved: Ministry of Rural development.
Aim: To provide a pucca house with basic amenities to all rural families, who are homeless or living in kutcha or dilapidated houses by the end of March 2022.
ANSWER: C
ANSWER: D
Gross Domestic Saving
Gross Domestic Saving Gross Domestic Saving is GDP minus final consumption expenditure. It is expressed as a percentage of GDP. Description: Gross Domestic Saving consists of savings of household sector, private corporate sector and public sector.
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
Any investment from an individual or firm that is located in a foreign country into a country is called Foreign Direct Investment.
ANSWER: D
During 2001, pilot projects on Ethanol Blended Petrol started at 3 locations i.e. at Miraj, Manmad (Maharashtra) and Aonla/Bareilly in Uttar Pradesh. The Government of India decided to launch Ethanol Blended Petrol (EBP) Programme in January, 2003 for supply of 5% ethanol blended Petrol. Subsequent to this, Ethanol Blended Petrol programme was launched in January, 2003 in 9 States i.e. Maharashtra, Gujarat, Goa, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and 4 Union Territories.
ANSWER: D
The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare is an Indian government ministry charged with health policy in India. It is also responsible for all government programs relating to family planning in India
ANSWER: C
Repo rate is the interest rate charged by RBI on the short-term loans it forwards to its customers (banks being one of it). Gini Coefficient measures the ‘income inequality’ in an economy.
ANSWER: B
Current account convertibility was first coined as a theory by the Reserve Bank of India in 1997 by the Tarapore Committee.
ANSWER: B
Participatory notes, also known as P-notes are associated with Foreign Institutional Investors. Participatory notes are basically devices used outside India for making investments in the Indian stock market.
ANSWER: A
FlyAsh produced at Coal based Thermal PowerPlant, is a resource material for Cement industry and building products manufacturing units. It is also being used as one of construction material in Road and Fly over embankment construction and thus helping to save earth and degradation of good agricultural land.
ANSWER: B
NEERI. This institute is founded and funded by the government of India. It was created in Nagpur in 1958.
ANSWER: B
Eutrophic (of a lake or other body of water) rich in nutrients and so supporting a dense plant population, the decomposition of which kills animal life by depriving it of oxygen.
ANSWER: D
The ever increase in the use of ozone-depleting substances like CFCs, HFCs, methyl bromide etc. will continue destroying the ozone layer in the stratosphere. The depletion of the ozone layer will result in the penetration of more UV-A and UV-B radiations to the earth surface.
These radiations are strong mutagens as they distort the structure of the skin cell DNA when the skin is exposed to the UV rays. It results in skin related disorders like pigmentation, skin cancer etc. Hence, the correct answer is ‘Depeletion of the ozone layer’.
ANSWER : D
Population explosion refers to the number of people that live in an area. It is a major issue for developing countries. Also, the government is not taking proper measures to control this problem. Besides, it generates many issues in the country that cause many problems for people
ANSWER: D
The Giant Panda has been the symbol of WWF since its formation in 1961.
ANSWER: B
Gene banks are a type of biorepository, which preserve genetic material. For plants, this could be by freezing, cuttings from the plant, or stocking the seeds (e.g., in a seedbank).
For animals, this is the freezing of sperm and eggs in zoological freezers until further need.
With corals, fragments are taken, which are stored in water tanks under controlled conditions. Plant genetic material in a ‘gene bank’ is preserved at −1960C in liquid nitrogen as mature seed (dry).
In plants, it is possible to unfreeze the material and propagate it, however, in animals, a living female is required for artificial insemination. While it is often difficult to utilize frozen animal sperm and eggs, there are many examples of it being done successfully.
ANSWER: B
State bird of Rajasthan is Great Indian bustard
The great Indian bustard or Indian bustard, is a bustard found on the Indian subcontinent. A large bird with a horizontal body and long bare legs, giving it an ostrich like appearance, this bird is among the heaviest of the flying birds.
ANSWER: A
Soil erosion is defined as the wearing away of topsoil. Topsoil is the top layer of soil and is the most fertile because it contains the most organic, nutrient-rich materials. Therefore, this is the layer that farmers want to protect for growing their crops and ranchers want to protect for growing grasses for their cattle to graze on.Precipitation is the most forceful factor causing erosion.
Erosion is dependent on the amount, duration, intensity and frequency of rainfall. By the action of dashing rain drops on soil, soil granules are loosened, detached and separated into fine particles. Erosion is greater where the rainfall is not only heavy, but concentrated over short periods.
ANSWER: D
Ecology is the branch of biology, that deals with the inter-relationships amongst organisms and interactions between organisms and their environment.
ANSWER: C
Sun loving plants are called as heliophytes, while shade loving plants are called as sciophytes. Halophytes are salt lovers and grow in regions of high salt concentration.
ANSWER: D
Teflon is a Addition polymer.(−CF2−CF1−)n.
not a natural polymer
ANSWER: B
Polypropylene (PP), also known as polypropene, is a thermoplastic polymer used in a wide variety of applications. It is produced via chain-growth polymerization from the monomer propylene. Polypropylene belongs to the group of polyolefins and is partially crystalline and non-polar.
ANSWER: C
A lab may test your urine for the presence of glucose and ketones. If either are present in the urine, it could mean that you’re not producing enough insulin. Some diabetes medications such as canagliflozin (Invokana) and empagliflozin (Jardiance) cause an increase of sugar to spill into urine.
ANSWER: C
Cetane number is the most important and universally accepted ignition quality test. The cetane number test uses a standard single cylinder variable compression ratio diesel engine. Cetane index is a calculated value, which is derived from relatively easily measured fuel properties.
Options are incorrect
ANSWER: C
Quench hardening. Quench hardening is a mechanical process in which steel and cast iron alloys are strengthened and hardened. These metals consist of ferrous metals and alloys. This is done by heating the material to a certain temperature, depending on the material.
ANSWER: D
A moderator is a material used in a nuclear reactor to slow down the neutrons produced from fission. By slowing the neutrons down the probability of a neutron interacting with Uranium-235 nuclei is greatly increased thereby maintaining the chain reaction.
Heavy water (D2O) is used as a moderator in nuclear reactor. It containing significantly more than the natural proportions (one in 6,500) of heavy hydrogen (deuterium, D) atoms to ordinary hydrogen atoms. Heavy water is used as a moderator in some reactors because it slows down neutrons effectively and also has a low probability of absorption of neutrons.
ANSWER: D
Silicon carbide (SiC), also known as carborundum,is a semiconductor containing silicon and carbon. It occurs in nature as the extremely rare mineral moissanite. Synthetic SiC powder has been mass-produced since 1893 for use as an abrasive. Grains of silicon carbide can be bonded together by sintering to form very hard ceramics that are widely used in applications requiring high endurance, such as car brakes, car clutches and ceramic plates in bulletproof vests.
ANSWER: D
A gas has a characteristic fishy odour and blue colour, the Ozone is a gas that is normally found in the upper part of the atmosphere. The gas forms a layer which normally shields the organisms living on the earth from ultra violet radiations
ANSWER: A
Bleaching action of chlorine is due to HClO and therefore, Cl2 needs moisture for its bleaching action.
ANSWER: C
Myoglobin (symbol Mb or MB) is an iron- and oxygen-binding protein found in the cardiac and skeletal muscle tissue of vertebrates in general and in almost all mammals. Myoglobin is distantly related to hemoglobin.
© 2025 Civilstap Himachal Design & Development